EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Millet, common (as plant) // Panicum miliaceum L.

Family:: Poaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1809
Number of processed references:: 2

Compositions

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Brady, Lynn R., Tyler, Varro E., Jr. Biosynthesis of hordenine in tissue homogenates of Panicum miliaceum. plant physiology, 1958, p. 334–338. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

hordenine (RF-00003427-PAR)
Additional substance description:

disappears 20 days after germination
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

hordenine in shoots

Endpoint study #1: Nazifi, S., Ghane, M., Fazeli, M., Ghafari, N., Azizi, S., Mansourian, M. Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) poisoning in Iranian fat-tailed sheep. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2009, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 249–253. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-008-0784-5. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Raw, no heat treatment (A07HS)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Sheep (as animal) (A057G)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

83
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

hepatogenous photosensitization and jaundice leading to death (41 animals out of 83 showing symptoms); kidneys also affected (acute tubular necrosis)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Sheep poisoning