EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Onosma echioides (L.) L.

Family:: Boraginaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 59
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: Alkannin (root) #2: Alkannin (root bark) #3: Alkannin (leaves) #4: Naphthoquinones #5: alkannin/shikonin dimer #6: Naphthoquinones (alkannin/shikolin dimer)

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Boldyrev, N. N. A Soviet alkannin. farmatsiya (moscow, 1938-47), 1939, p. 24–25. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Alkannin (RF-00011326-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8.93
Internal remarks:

Alkannin (root)

Composition #2: Boldyrev, N. N. A Soviet alkannin. farmatsiya (moscow, 1938-47), 1939, p. 24–25. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Alkannin (RF-00011326-PAR)
Additional substance description:

in root bark
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

19.41
Internal remarks:

Alkannin (root bark)

Composition #3: Boldyrev, N. N. A Soviet alkannin. farmatsiya (moscow, 1938-47), 1939, p. 24–25. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Alkannin (RF-00011326-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.52
Internal remarks:

Alkannin (leaves)

Composition #4: Sagratini, Gianni., Cristalli, Gloria., Giardina, Dario., Gioventu, Giorgio., Maggi, Filippo., Ricciutelli, Massimo., Vittori, Sauro. Alkannin/shikonin mixture from roots of Onosma echioides (L.) L.: Extraction method study and quantification. JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, 2008, vol. 31, no. 6-7, p. 945–952. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700408. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Soxhlet extraction, ethyl acetate 6h
Substance:

Naphthoquinones (RF-00010839-PAR)
Additional substance description:

deoxyshikonin; deoxyalkannin; 5,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-methyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-[1,4]naphthoquinone
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Naphthoquinones

Composition #5: Sagratini, Gianni., Cristalli, Gloria., Giardina, Dario., Gioventu, Giorgio., Maggi, Filippo., Ricciutelli, Massimo., Vittori, Sauro. Alkannin/shikonin mixture from roots of Onosma echioides (L.) L.: Extraction method study and quantification. JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, 2008, vol. 31, no. 6-7, p. 945–952. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700408. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Soxhlet extraction, ethyl acetate 6h
Substance:

Naphthoquinones (RF-00010839-PAR)
Additional substance description:

alkannin/shikonin dimer
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02-0.24
Internal remarks:

alkannin/shikonin dimer

Composition #6: Nikita, Gawand., Vivek, Purnima., Chhaya, Gadgoli. Wound-healing activity of an oligomer of alkannin/shikonin, isolated from root bark of Onosma echioides . natural product research, 2015, vol. 29, no. 16, p. 1584–1588. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.986126. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroleum ether
Substance:

Naphthoquinones (RF-00010839-PAR)
Additional substance description:

alkannin/shikonin dimer
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, IR, NMR, MS and DEPT
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

62.4
Internal remarks:

Naphthoquinones (alkannin/shikolin dimer)