EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Morus nigra L.

Family:: Moraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 567
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: Scopoletin #2: Umbelliferone #3: Coumaric acid in fruit #4: Gallic acid in fruit #5: 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid in fruit #6: Cardiac glycosides in fruit #7: Alkaloids in fruit #8: Saponins in fruit #9: Jacalin-related lectin #10: salicylic acid in fruit #11: Morniga G (lectin ) in bark

Endpoint Studies

#1: alpha-glucosidase inhibition #2: alpha-amylase inhibition

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: El-Tawil, B. A., Ashy, M. A., Tawfik, N. I., Khalil, A. M., Bahafi, S. O. Constituents of local plants. Part 6: The constituents of Morus nigra L. plants. pharmazie, 1980, p. 35(5–356). .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

85% EtOH
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Scopoletin

Composition #2: El-Tawil, B. A., Ashy, M. A., Tawfik, N. I., Khalil, A. M., Bahafi, S. O. Constituents of local plants. Part 6: The constituents of Morus nigra L. plants. pharmazie, 1980, p. 35(5–356). .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

85% EtOH
Substance:

umbelliferone (RF-00004096-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Umbelliferone

Composition #3: Kalkan Yildirim, Hatice. Assessing wines based on total phenols, phenolic acids and chemometrics by multivariate analyses. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2013, p. 3563–3569. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fermentation (A0CQZ)
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Additional substance description:
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumaric acid in fruit

Composition #4: Kalkan Yildirim, Hatice. Assessing wines based on total phenols, phenolic acids and chemometrics by multivariate analyses. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2013, p. 3563–3569. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fermentation (A0CQZ)
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid in fruit

Composition #5: Kalkan Yildirim, Hatice. Assessing wines based on total phenols, phenolic acids and chemometrics by multivariate analyses. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2013, p. 3563–3569. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fermentation (A0CQZ)
Substance:

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008325-PAR)
Additional substance description:
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid in fruit

Composition #6: Malik, M.N.H., Alamgeer., Salma, U., Qayyum, A., Samreen, S. Phytochemical analysis and cardiac depressant activity of aqueous methanolic extract of morus nigra l. fruit.. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012, vol. 2, no. 12, p. 39–41. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2012.21207. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH (70%)
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides in fruit

Composition #7: Malik, M.N.H., Alamgeer., Salma, U., Qayyum, A., Samreen, S. Phytochemical analysis and cardiac depressant activity of aqueous methanolic extract of morus nigra l. fruit.. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012, vol. 2, no. 12, p. 39–41. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2012.21207. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH (70%)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in fruit

Composition #8: Malik, M.N.H., Alamgeer., Salma, U., Qayyum, A., Samreen, S. Phytochemical analysis and cardiac depressant activity of aqueous methanolic extract of morus nigra l. fruit.. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012, vol. 2, no. 12, p. 39–41. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2012.21207. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH (70%)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins in fruit

Composition #9: Ma, Q.-H. Monocot chimeric jacalins: A novel subfamily of plant lectins. critical reviews in biotechnology, 2014, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 300–306. DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.793650. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Additional substance description:

Jacalin-related lectin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Jacalin-related lectin

Composition #10: Zadernowski, R., Naczk, M., Nesterowicz, J. Phenolic acid profiles in some small berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2005, vol. 53, no. 6, p. 2118–2124. DOI: 10.1021/jf040411p. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH (80%)
Substance:

Salicylic acid (RF-00000241-VET)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

salicylic acid in fruit

Composition #11: Singh, Tanuja., Wu, June H., Peumans, Willy J., Rouge, Pierre., Van Damme, Els J. M., Wu, Albert M. Recognition profile of Morus nigra agglutinin (Morniga G) expressed by monomeric ligands, simple clusters and mammalian polyvalent glycotopes . molecular immunology, 2007, vol. 44, no. 4, p. 451–462. DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.02.017. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Additional substance description:

Morniga G
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Morniga G (lectin ) in bark

Endpoint study #1: Wang, Lin-Ling., Zhou, Ze-Yang. Effect of extracts of mulberry leaves processed differently on the activity of α-glucosidase. journal of food, agriculture environment, 2008, p. 86–89. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

55.47
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

stock solution of fresh mulberry leaf extract could inhibit the acivity of alpha-glucosidase by up to 55.47%
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition

Endpoint study #2: Nickavar, Bahman., Mosazadeh, Golboo. Influence of Three Morus Species Extracts on alpha-Amylase Activity. iranian journal of pharmaceutical research, 2009, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 115–119. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 90%
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

46.56
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

46.56% alpha-amylase inhibition at 11.8 mg/mL; inhibition not concentration-dependent
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

food efficiency (CHD021BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-amylase inhibition