EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Gac (as plant) // Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.

Family:: Cucurbitaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 464
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: C-momordin #2: Triterpene saponins #3: momordica saponin I #4: Momordin I and II

Endpoint Studies

#1: Trypsin inhibitor in seeds #2: Trypsin inhibitors in decorticated seeds #3: Glycoprotein from roots inducing mid-term abortion in mice

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Lin, Yau-Tang., Lo, Tung-Bin., Tai, Wun-Ten. Triterpenoids. I. The sugar constituents of some triterpenoid saponins from Formosan plants. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Taipei, Taiwan), 1954, p. 57–63. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

alcohol solution containing 5% HCL
Substance:

momordin (RF-00003937-PAR)
Additional substance description:

C-momordin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

C-momordin

Composition #2: Lin, Zhi-Yan., Liu, Xiaoyun., Yang, Fan., Yu, Yun-Qiu. Structural characterization and identification of five triterpenoid saponins isolated from Momordica cochinchinensis extracts by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY, 2012, vol. 328, p. 43–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2012.07.022. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ice-cold sodium acetate
Substance:

Triterpene saponins Triterpene saponins (RF-00004338-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Triterpene saponins

Composition #3: Jung, Kiwon., Chin, Young-Won., Chung, Yoon Hee., Park, Yang Hae., Yoo, Hunseung., Min, Dong Sun., Lee, Bongyong., Kim, Jinwoong. Anti-gastritis and wound healing effects of Momordicae Semen extract and its active component . immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology, 2013, vol. 35, no. 1, p. 126–132. DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.712139. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

momordica saponin I
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

momordica saponin I

Composition #4: IWAMOTO, M., OKABE, H., YAMAUCHI, T. STUDIES ON THE CONSTITUENTS OF MOMORDICA-COCHINCHINENSIS SPRENG .2. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ROOT SAPONINS, MOMORDIN-I, MOMORDIN-II AND MOMORDIN III . chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1985, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 1–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol + butanol
Substance:

momordin (RF-00003937-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Momordin I and II
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Momordin I and II

Endpoint study #1: Arimatsu, Panida., Sawangsook, Orawan. Purification and Characterization of Trypsin Inhibitor from Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. Seed and Its Effects to Spodoptera litura. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 195–199. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2012.195.199. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

Ion Exchange Chromatography with CM-52 column
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Unit (G005A)
Effect concentration:

0.34
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Effect description:

Trypsin Inhibitor; efficient inhibitor of proteinases in the S. litura larvae
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

Trypsin inhibitor in seeds

Endpoint study #2: Wong, RCH., Fong, WP., Ng, TB. Multiple trypsin inhibitors from Momordica cochinchinensis seeds, the Chinese drug mubiezhi. PEPTIDES, 2004, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 163–169. DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.01.002. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

NaOAc buffer + column - decorticated seeds
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Unit (G005A)
Effect concentration:

1.98-3.69
Effect description:

Trypsin-inhibitory activity of TI-1 to TI-5, expressed as TIU/milligram sample
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

Trypsin inhibitors in decorticated seeds

Endpoint study #3: YEUNG, HW., NG, TB., WONG, NS., LI, WW. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ABORTIFACIENT PROTEIN, MOMORCOCHIN, FROM ROOT TUBERS OF MOMORDICA-COCHINCHINENSIS (FAMILY CUCURBITACEAE) . international journal of peptide and protein research, 1987, vol. 30, no. 1, p. 135–140. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional plant/substance description:

acetone precipitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sepharose CL‐6B and gel filtration on Sephadex G‐75
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Female
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Uterus (TT052A)
Effect description:

A glycoprotein (molecular weight 32000, characterized by an abundance of Asp and Glu residues and an absence of Cys residues) was capable of inducing mid‐term abortion in mice
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Glycoprotein from roots inducing mid-term abortion in mice