EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Medicago lupulina L.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 496
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: Saponins in seed #2: Three saponins, one being medicagenic acid saponin, in the leaves #3: Saponins in leaves #4: Saponins in stems #5: Saponins in flowers #6: Saponins in seeds #7: Total saponins #8: puerarin (isoflavon) in the aerial part #9: genistin (isoflavon) in the aerial part #10: genistein (isoflavon) in the aerial part #11: pratensein (isoflavon) in the aerial part #12: formononetin (isoflavon) in the aerial part #13: irilone (isoflavon) in the aerial part #14: prunetin (isoflavon) in the aerial part #15: genistin #16: medicagenic acid glycosides and glycosides of soyasapogenols B to F #17: triterpene saponins in roots

Endpoint Studies

#1: strong antinutritional effects

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Jurzysta, Marian. Effect of saponins isolated from seeds of lucerne on germination and growth of cereal seedlings. zeszyty naukowe uniwersytetu w toruniu, nauki matematyczno-przyrodnicze, biologia, 1970, p. 253–256. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH and water
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins in seed

Composition #2: Krzymanska, Jadwiga., Waligora, Danuta. Significance of saponins in resistance of alfalfa against green pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris). prace naukowe instytutu ochrony roslin, 1983, p. 153–160. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

One being medicagenic acid saponin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Three saponins, one being medicagenic acid saponin, in the leaves

Composition #3: Gorski, Piotr M., Jurzysta, Marian., Burda, Stanislaw., Oleszek, Wieslaw., Ploszynski, Michal. Studies of Medicago lupulina saponins. IV. Variation in the saponin content of M. lupulina. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 1984, p. 543–550. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gravimetric tests (F004A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3
Internal remarks:

Saponins in leaves

Composition #4: Gorski, Piotr M., Jurzysta, Marian., Burda, Stanislaw., Oleszek, Wieslaw., Ploszynski, Michal. Studies of Medicago lupulina saponins. IV. Variation in the saponin content of M. lupulina. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 1984, p. 543–550. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gravimetric tests (F004A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.8
Internal remarks:

Saponins in stems

Composition #5: Gorski, Piotr M., Jurzysta, Marian., Burda, Stanislaw., Oleszek, Wieslaw., Ploszynski, Michal. Studies of Medicago lupulina saponins. IV. Variation in the saponin content of M. lupulina. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 1984, p. 543–550. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gravimetric tests (F004A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.7
Internal remarks:

Saponins in flowers

Composition #6: Gorski, Piotr M., Jurzysta, Marian., Burda, Stanislaw., Oleszek, Wieslaw., Ploszynski, Michal. Studies of Medicago lupulina saponins. IV. Variation in the saponin content of M. lupulina. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 1984, p. 543–550. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gravimetric tests (F004A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3
Internal remarks:

Saponins in seeds

Composition #7: Gorski, Piotr M., Jurzysta, Marian., Burda, Stanislaw., Oleszek, Wieslaw., Ploszynski, Michal. Studies of Medicago lupulina saponins. IV. Variation in the saponin content of M. lupulina. acta societatis botanicorum poloniae, 1984, p. 543–550. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Total saponins
Analytical method code:

Gravimetric tests (F004A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.5
Internal remarks:

Total saponins

Composition #8: Cunha, Sara C., Faria, Miguel A., Sousa, Tiago., Nunes, Eugenia. Isoflavone determination in spontaneous legumes identified by DNA barcodes. food chemistry, 2012, p. 2262–2267. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol:water (9:1, v/v)
Substance:

Puerarin (RF-00011022-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.2
Internal remarks:

puerarin (isoflavon) in the aerial part

Composition #9: Cunha, Sara C., Faria, Miguel A., Sousa, Tiago., Nunes, Eugenia. Isoflavone determination in spontaneous legumes identified by DNA barcodes. food chemistry, 2012, p. 2262–2267. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol:water (9:1, v/v)
Substance:

genistin (RF-00003829-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

22.5
Internal remarks:

genistin (isoflavon) in the aerial part

Composition #10: Cunha, Sara C., Faria, Miguel A., Sousa, Tiago., Nunes, Eugenia. Isoflavone determination in spontaneous legumes identified by DNA barcodes. food chemistry, 2012, p. 2262–2267. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol:water (9:1, v/v)
Substance:

genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

111.1
Internal remarks:

genistein (isoflavon) in the aerial part

Composition #11: Cunha, Sara C., Faria, Miguel A., Sousa, Tiago., Nunes, Eugenia. Isoflavone determination in spontaneous legumes identified by DNA barcodes. food chemistry, 2012, p. 2262–2267. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol:water (9:1, v/v)
Substance:

Pratensein (RF-00011015-PAR)
Additional substance description:
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.6
Internal remarks:

pratensein (isoflavon) in the aerial part

Composition #12: Cunha, Sara C., Faria, Miguel A., Sousa, Tiago., Nunes, Eugenia. Isoflavone determination in spontaneous legumes identified by DNA barcodes. food chemistry, 2012, p. 2262–2267. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol:water (9:1, v/v)
Substance:

formononetin (RF-00000291-NTR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.1
Internal remarks:

formononetin (isoflavon) in the aerial part

Composition #13: Cunha, Sara C., Faria, Miguel A., Sousa, Tiago., Nunes, Eugenia. Isoflavone determination in spontaneous legumes identified by DNA barcodes. food chemistry, 2012, p. 2262–2267. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol:water (9:1, v/v)
Substance:

Irilone (RF-00011012-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3
Internal remarks:

irilone (isoflavon) in the aerial part

Composition #14: Cunha, Sara C., Faria, Miguel A., Sousa, Tiago., Nunes, Eugenia. Isoflavone determination in spontaneous legumes identified by DNA barcodes. food chemistry, 2012, p. 2262–2267. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol:water (9:1, v/v)
Substance:

Prunetin (RF-00011016-PAR)
Additional substance description:
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.5
Internal remarks:

prunetin (isoflavon) in the aerial part

Composition #15: Hanganu, Daniela., Vlase, Laurian., Olah, Neli. LC/MS ANALYSIS OF ISOFLAVONES FROM FABACEAE SPECIES EXTRACTS. farmacia, 2010, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 177–183. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH
Substance:

genistin (RF-00003829-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Nanogram/millilitre (G079A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

246.7
Internal remarks:

genistin

Composition #16: GORSKI, PM. ANTINUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICAGO LUPULINA SAPONINS AS RELATED TO THEIR CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION . abstracts of papers of the american chemical society, 1985, vol. 190, no. SEP, p. 103–AGD. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

medicagenic acid glycosides and glycosides of soyasapogenols B to F
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

medicagenic acid glycosides and glycosides of soyasapogenols B to F

Composition #17: OLESZEK, W., PRICE, KR., FENWICK, GR. TRITERPENE SAPONINS FROM THE ROOTS OF MEDICAGO-LUPULINA L (BLACK MEDICK TREFOIL) . journal of the science of food and agriculture, 1988, vol. 43, no. 4, p. 289–297. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740430402. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH
Substance:

Triterpene saponins Triterpene saponins (RF-00004338-PAR)
Additional substance description:

hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, medicagenic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, medicagenic acid 3,28-di (O-β-D-glucopyranoside), soyasaponin 1
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

FAB-MS ; NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

triterpene saponins in roots

Endpoint study #1: GORSKI, PM. ANTINUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICAGO LUPULINA SAPONINS AS RELATED TO THEIR CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION . abstracts of papers of the american chemical society, 1985, vol. 190, no. SEP, p. 103–AGD. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

>5
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

strong antinutritional effects: growth depression
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

food efficiency (CHD021BE)
Internal remarks:

strong antinutritional effects