Composition #1: Liao, Dankui., Xu, Shu., Wei, Tengyou., Sun, Jianhua., Yang, Kedi., Tong, Zhangfa. Technical study of extracting gymnemic acid by ultrasonic wave. zhongchengyao, 2010, p. 497–499. .
Language:
English (en)
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:
gymnemic acid
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):
3.9-9.6
Internal remarks:
Gymnemic acid (saponin) in leaves
Composition #2: Khanna, Venkatesan Gopiesh., Kannabiran, Krishnan. Non-proliferative activity of saponins isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and Eclipta prostrata on HepG2 cells-in vitro study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2010, p. 38–42. .
Language:
English (en)
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:
Petroleum ether, methanol
Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:
gymnemagenol
Analytical method code:
Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:
UV, C and H NMR, MS, FT-IR
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:
Saponins (gymnemagenol)
Composition #3: Leach, Matthew J. Gymnema sylvestre for diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. journal of alternative and complementary medicine, 2007, vol. 13, no. 9, p. 977–983. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2006.6387.
[DOI link]
Language:
English (en)
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:
gymnemasides 1–5, gymnemasin B, C, and D
Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:
Saponins in leaves ( gymnemasides 1–5, gymnemasin B, C, and D)
Pregnane derivatives ( gymsylvestrosides A-E) in stem
Endpoint study
#1: Shiyovich, Arthur., Sztarkier, Ignacio., Nesher, Lior. Toxic Hepatitis Induced by Gymnema sylvestre, a Natural Remedy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2010, vol. 340, no. 6, p. 514–517. DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181f41168.
[DOI link]
Study relevance:
Human health
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:
water (tea)
Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:
Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:
Female
Control groups used:
no
Endpoint measured:
Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:
Meal (G109A)
Effect concentration:
3
Critical effect:
HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:
digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:
Patient treated diabetes mellitus type 2 with acetazolamide. Additionaly she started to take the tea made from Gymnema silvestre three times a day and it led to hepatotoxicity. Symptoms: weakness, fatigue, jaundice, loss of appetite and weight loss.
