EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Mango (as plant) // Mangifera indica L.

Family:: Anacardiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 9197
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: Tannic acid #2: Gallic acid #3: Tannins in root #4: saponins in fruit peel #5: tannins in fruit peel #6: Alkaloids in fruit peel #7: Alkaloids #8: Tannins #9: Saponins #10: Melatonin #11: gallic acid #12: gallotannins #13: tannins in seed #14: Cyanogenic glycosides in seed #15: Oxalates in seed

Endpoint Studies

#1: α-amylase inhibition #2: α-glucosidase inhibition #3: Trypsin inhibitory activity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Arogba, Sunday S. Mango (Mangifera indica) kernel: Chromatographic analysis of the Tannin, and stability study of the associated polyphenol oxidase activity . journal of food composition and analysis, 2000, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 149–156. DOI: 10.1006/jfca.1999.0838. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

tannic acid (RF-00004069-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

46.6
Internal remarks:

Tannic acid

Composition #2: Arogba, Sunday S. Mango (Mangifera indica) kernel: Chromatographic analysis of the Tannin, and stability study of the associated polyphenol oxidase activity . journal of food composition and analysis, 2000, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 149–156. DOI: 10.1006/jfca.1999.0838. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

27.9
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid

Composition #3: Sharma, Monica., Rathee, Sushila., Permender, Rathee., Naveen, Yadav. Preliminary phytochemical screening and anti diabetic activity of roots Mangifera indica Linn. pharmacologyonline, 2010, p. 968–974. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water and ethanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins in root

Composition #4: Chowdhury, S., Poddar, S.K., Zaheen, S., Noor, F.A., Ahmed, N., Haque, S., Sukul, A., Sunjida, S.B., Mazumder, M.M.U., Akbar, N. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of cytotoxic and hypoglycemic properties of Mangifera indica peels. asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2017, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 49–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.09.009. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins in fruit peel

Composition #5: Chowdhury, S., Poddar, S.K., Zaheen, S., Noor, F.A., Ahmed, N., Haque, S., Sukul, A., Sunjida, S.B., Mazumder, M.M.U., Akbar, N. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of cytotoxic and hypoglycemic properties of Mangifera indica peels. asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2017, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 49–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.09.009. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins in fruit peel

Composition #6: Chowdhury, S., Poddar, S.K., Zaheen, S., Noor, F.A., Ahmed, N., Haque, S., Sukul, A., Sunjida, S.B., Mazumder, M.M.U., Akbar, N. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of cytotoxic and hypoglycemic properties of Mangifera indica peels. asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2017, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 49–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.09.009. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in fruit peel

Composition #7: Khan, Mohammad Ahad Ali., Islam, Mohammad Torequl. Analgesic and cytotoxic activity of Acorus calamus L., Kigelia pinnata L., Mangifera indica L. and Tabernaemontana divaricata L. . journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 2012, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 149–54. DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.94820. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #8: Khan, Mohammad Ahad Ali., Islam, Mohammad Torequl. Analgesic and cytotoxic activity of Acorus calamus L., Kigelia pinnata L., Mangifera indica L. and Tabernaemontana divaricata L. . journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 2012, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 149–54. DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.94820. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #9: Khan, Mohammad Ahad Ali., Islam, Mohammad Torequl. Analgesic and cytotoxic activity of Acorus calamus L., Kigelia pinnata L., Mangifera indica L. and Tabernaemontana divaricata L. . journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 2012, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 149–54. DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.94820. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #10: Johns, Nutjaree Pratheepawanit., Johns, Jeffrey., Porasuphatana, Supatra., Plaimee, Preeyaporn., Sae-Teaw, Manit. Dietary Intake of Melatonin from Tropical Fruit Altered Urinary Excretion of 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin in Healthy Volunteers . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013, vol. 61, no. 4, p. 913–919. DOI: 10.1021/jf300359a. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

melatonin (RF-00003485-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Picogram/gram (G080A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

699
Internal remarks:

Melatonin

Composition #11: Banerjee, Niuedita., Kim, Hyemee., Krenek, Kimberly., Talcott, Stephen T., Mertens-Talcott, Susanne U. Mango polyphenolics suppressed tumor growth in breast cancer xenografts in mice: role of the PI3K/AKT pathway and associated microRNAs . nutrition research, 2015, vol. 35, no. 8, p. 744–751. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

gallic acid

Composition #12: Banerjee, Niuedita., Kim, Hyemee., Krenek, Kimberly., Talcott, Stephen T., Mertens-Talcott, Susanne U. Mango polyphenolics suppressed tumor growth in breast cancer xenografts in mice: role of the PI3K/AKT pathway and associated microRNAs . nutrition research, 2015, vol. 35, no. 8, p. 744–751. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Gallotannins (RF-00013316-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

gallotannins

Composition #13: Ravindran, V., Sivakanesan, R. The nutritive value of mango seed kernels for starting chicks. journal of the science of food and agriculture, 1996, vol. 71, no. 2, p. 245–250. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

raw, water soaked, boiled in water
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Analytical method - additional description:

vanillin-HCl method of Swain and Hills
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

19-56.5
Internal remarks:

tannins in seed

Composition #14: Ravindran, V., Sivakanesan, R. The nutritive value of mango seed kernels for starting chicks. journal of the science of food and agriculture, 1996, vol. 71, no. 2, p. 245–250. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Thermal treatment (heating for preservation) (A07HR)
Additional extraction description:

raw, water soaked, boiled in water
Substance:

Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

19-64
Internal remarks:

Cyanogenic glycosides in seed

Composition #15: Ravindran, V., Sivakanesan, R. The nutritive value of mango seed kernels for starting chicks. journal of the science of food and agriculture, 1996, vol. 71, no. 2, p. 245–250. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Thermal treatment (heating for preservation) (A07HR)
Additional extraction description:

raw, water soaked, boiled in water
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

procedure of Abaza et al. (1968)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10-42
Internal remarks:

Oxalates in seed

Endpoint study #1: Irondi, Emmanuel Anyachukwu., Oboh, Ganiyu., Akindahunsi, Afolabi Akintunde., Boligon, Aline Augusti., Athayde, Margareth Linde. Phenolic composition and inhibitory activity of Mangifera indica and Mucuna urens seeds extracts against key enzymes linked to the pathology and complications of type 2 diabetes . asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2014, vol. 4, no. 11, p. 903–910. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/Milligram (G063A)
Effect concentration:

0.71
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

α-amylase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

α-amylase inhibition

Endpoint study #2: Irondi, Emmanuel Anyachukwu., Oboh, Ganiyu., Akindahunsi, Afolabi Akintunde., Boligon, Aline Augusti., Athayde, Margareth Linde. Phenolic composition and inhibitory activity of Mangifera indica and Mucuna urens seeds extracts against key enzymes linked to the pathology and complications of type 2 diabetes . asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2014, vol. 4, no. 11, p. 903–910. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

0.34
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

α-glucosidase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

α-glucosidase inhibition

Endpoint study #3: Ravindran, V., Sivakanesan, R. The nutritive value of mango seed kernels for starting chicks. journal of the science of food and agriculture, 1996, vol. 71, no. 2, p. 245–250. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

raw, water soaked, boiled in water
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

International Unit/gram (G252A)
Effect concentration:

11-20
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Trypsin inhibitory activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

Trypsin inhibitory activity