EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Lupinus angustifolius L.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2323
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: alkaloids (seed) #2: alkaloids (leaves) #3: alkaloids (pods) #4: Total alkaloids #5: Lupanine #6: Angustifoline

Endpoint Studies

#1: Decreased food intake and growth rate leading to muscle paralysis and skeletal deformity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Gordon, W. Carl., Henderson, James H. M. The alkaloidal content of blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) and its toxicity on small laboratory animals. Journal of the Agricultural Society of the University College of Wales, 1951, p. 141–145. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

reported as mainly lupanine
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.47
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (seed)

Composition #2: Gordon, W. Carl., Henderson, James H. M. The alkaloidal content of blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) and its toxicity on small laboratory animals. Journal of the Agricultural Society of the University College of Wales, 1951, p. 141–145. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

reported as mainly lupanine
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.64
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (leaves)

Composition #3: Gordon, W. Carl., Henderson, James H. M. The alkaloidal content of blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) and its toxicity on small laboratory animals. Journal of the Agricultural Society of the University College of Wales, 1951, p. 141–145. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

reported as mainly lupanine
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.46
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (pods)

Composition #4: Resta, Donatella., Boschin, Giovanna., D'Agostina, Alessandra., Arnoldi, Anna. Evaluation of total quinolizidine alkaloids content in lupin flours, lupin-based ingredients, and foods. MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH, 2008, vol. 52, no. 4, p. 490–495. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700206. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous HCl, followed by NH3 and column purification
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

total alkaloids
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1107
Internal remarks:

Total alkaloids

Composition #5: Resta, Donatella., Boschin, Giovanna., D'Agostina, Alessandra., Arnoldi, Anna. Evaluation of total quinolizidine alkaloids content in lupin flours, lupin-based ingredients, and foods. MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH, 2008, vol. 52, no. 4, p. 490–495. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700206. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous HCl, followed by NH3 and column purification
Substance:

Lupanine (RF-00003910-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Lupanine and derivatives: 13a-isolupanine (130 mg/kg) and 13a-hydroxylupanine (168 mg/kg)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

552
Internal remarks:

Lupanine

Composition #6: Resta, Donatella., Boschin, Giovanna., D'Agostina, Alessandra., Arnoldi, Anna. Evaluation of total quinolizidine alkaloids content in lupin flours, lupin-based ingredients, and foods. MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH, 2008, vol. 52, no. 4, p. 490–495. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700206. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous HCl, followed by NH3 and column purification
Substance:

Angustifoline (RF-00004806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

257
Internal remarks:

Angustifoline

Endpoint study #1: Olkowski, AA., Olkowski, BI., Amarowicz, R., Classen, HL. Adverse effects of dietary lupine in broiler chickens. poultry science, 2001, vol. 80, no. 5, p. 621–625. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

raw, autoclaved or dehulled seeds
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Gallus gallus (chicken) (as animal) (A057Z)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

21.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

4
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

40
Critical effect:

MUSCLO-SKELETAL (TOX13A)
Target tissue:

Muscle, Skeletal (TT055A)
Effect description:

Leg weakness, lack of coordination, and torticollis leading to signs of muscle paralysis and skeletal deformity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

growth (CHD009BE)
Internal remarks:

Decreased food intake and growth rate leading to muscle paralysis and skeletal deformity