EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Ledum palustre L. // Ledum palustre var. palustre // Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja

Family:: Ericaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 668
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Coumarins #2: Myrcene #3: Ledol in seeds #4: Ledol in leaves #5: scopoletin #6: Ledol #7: myrcene

Endpoint Studies

#1: Ledum-camphor is a poison, affecting the central nervous system.

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Klokova, M. V., Serykh, E. A., Berezovskaya, T. P. Ledum genus coumarins. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 1982 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Fraxetin, fraxin, esculin, esculetin derivatives and palustroside
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins

Composition #2: Klokova, M. V., Serykh, E. A., Berezovskaya, T. P. Ledum genus coumarins. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 1982 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.2-30.8
Internal remarks:

Myrcene

Composition #3: Klokova, M. V., Serykh, E. A., Berezovskaya, T. P. Ledum genus coumarins. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 1982 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(-)-globulol (RF-00003756-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Ledol
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

27
Internal remarks:

Ledol in seeds

Composition #4: Klokova, M. V., Serykh, E. A., Berezovskaya, T. P. Ledum genus coumarins. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 1982 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(-)-globulol (RF-00003756-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Ledol in mature leaves
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

26.7
Internal remarks:

Ledol in leaves

Composition #5: Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M., Smolarz, H.D., Matysik, G. Quantitative determination of scopoletin in some herbs from the Ericaceae family by thin-layer chromatography and densitometry. acta poloniae pharmaceutica - drug research, 1997, vol. 54, no. 3, p. 237–241. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol:water 8:2
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

20.00
Internal remarks:

scopoletin

Composition #6: Raal, Ain., Orav, Anne., Gretchushnikova, Tatjana. Composition of the essential oil of the Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja from Estonia. NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH, 2014, vol. 28, no. 14, p. 1091–1098. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.907287. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(-)-globulol (RF-00003756-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Ledol
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11.8-18.3
Internal remarks:

Ledol

Composition #7: Raal, Ain., Orav, Anne., Gretchushnikova, Tatjana. Composition of the essential oil of the Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja from Estonia. NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH, 2014, vol. 28, no. 14, p. 1091–1098. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.907287. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1-2.8
Internal remarks:

myrcene

Endpoint study #1: Hjelt, Edward I. Ledum-camphor. berichte der deutschen chemischen gesellschaft, 1895, p. 3087–3089. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

(-)-globulol (RF-00003756-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional plant/substance description:

ledum-camphor
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

Ledum-camphor is a poison, affecting the central nervous system.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

Ledum-camphor is a poison, affecting the central nervous system.