EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort.

Family:: Boraginaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 29
Number of processed references:: 2

Compositions

#1: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids #2: amabiline #3: intermedine #4: lycopsamine #5: supinine #6: amabiline #7: amabiline #8: intermedine #9: intermedine #10: lycopsamine #11: lycopsamine #12: supinine #13: supinine #14: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Retronecine equivalents
Substance used for equivalence:

Retronecine (RF-00000294-TOX)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.88 - 10.36
Internal remarks:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Composition #2: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Amabiline (RF-00000270-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=2.53
Internal remarks:

amabiline

Composition #3: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Intermedine (RF-00000227-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.12 - 3.39
Internal remarks:

intermedine

Composition #4: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Lycopsamine (RF-00000228-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=3.59
Internal remarks:

lycopsamine

Composition #5: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Supinine (RF-00000302-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.09 - 2.61
Internal remarks:

supinine

Composition #6: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Amabiline (RF-00000270-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=0.1
Internal remarks:

amabiline

Composition #7: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Amabiline (RF-00000270-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=0.67
Internal remarks:

amabiline

Composition #8: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Intermedine (RF-00000227-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02 - 0.09
Internal remarks:

intermedine

Composition #9: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Intermedine (RF-00000227-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<= 2.28
Internal remarks:

intermedine

Composition #10: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Lycopsamine (RF-00000228-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02 - 0.13
Internal remarks:

lycopsamine

Composition #11: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Lycopsamine (RF-00000228-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.13 - 2.67
Internal remarks:

lycopsamine

Composition #12: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Supinine (RF-00000302-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<= 0.5
Internal remarks:

supinine

Composition #13: Letsyo E., Jerz G., Winterhalter P., Horn G., Beuerle T. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: Analternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil.. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 2016, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 133–9. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2608. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.05 M sulphuric acid
Substance:

Supinine (RF-00000302-TOX)
Additional substance description:

seneciphylline equivalents
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<= 0.15
Internal remarks:

supinine

Composition #14: Cramer, Luise., Fleck, Gunther., Horn, Gert., Beuerle, Till. Process Development of Lappula squarrosa Oil Refinement: Monitoring of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Boraginaceae Seed Oils. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY, 2014, vol. 91, no. 5, p. 721–731. DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2426-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

Fatty oil: mechanical oil press under 45 - 60°C
Substance:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
Substance used for equivalence:

Retronecine (RF-00000294-TOX)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Microgram/kilogram (G050A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

29
Internal remarks:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids