EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine // Hygrophila schulli M.R.Almeida & S.M.Almeida

Family:: Acanthaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 130
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: asteracanthine and asteracanthicine in seeds #2: Alkaloids aerial parts #3: Saponins #4: Tannins #5: Coumarins #6: Cardiac glycosides #7: Alkaloids #8: Saponins #9: Tannins #10: Alkaloids

Endpoint Studies

#1: Alpha-amylase inhibition #2: significant diuretic properties

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Hussain, Md. Sarfaraj., Fareed, Sheeba., Ali, Mohd. Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) heine: ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. asian journal of traditional medicines, 2010, p. 122–131. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

asteracanthine and asteracanthicine
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

asteracanthine and asteracanthicine in seeds

Composition #2: Hussain, Md. Sarfaraj., Fareed, Sheeba., Ali, Mohd. Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) heine: ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. asian journal of traditional medicines, 2010, p. 122–131. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

alcohol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids aerial parts

Composition #3: Nabèrè, O., Adama, H., Samson, G., Kiessoum, K., Patrice, Z., Roland, M.N.-T., Moussa, C., Martin, K., Jeanne, M.F., Germaine, N.O. Antibacterial and phytochemical studies of three Acanthaceae species used in burkina faso traditional medicine. journal of applied pharmaceutical science, 2013, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 49–55. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2013.3510. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #4: Nabèrè, O., Adama, H., Samson, G., Kiessoum, K., Patrice, Z., Roland, M.N.-T., Moussa, C., Martin, K., Jeanne, M.F., Germaine, N.O. Antibacterial and phytochemical studies of three Acanthaceae species used in burkina faso traditional medicine. journal of applied pharmaceutical science, 2013, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 49–55. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2013.3510. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #5: Nabèrè, O., Adama, H., Samson, G., Kiessoum, K., Patrice, Z., Roland, M.N.-T., Moussa, C., Martin, K., Jeanne, M.F., Germaine, N.O. Antibacterial and phytochemical studies of three Acanthaceae species used in burkina faso traditional medicine. journal of applied pharmaceutical science, 2013, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 49–55. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2013.3510. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins

Composition #6: Rastogi, A., Shankar, S., Mahalingam, G. Phytochemical screening, anti-oxidant activity and in vitro anti-diabetic activity of aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Hygrophilaauriculata. international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2014, vol. 6, no. 5, p. 557–560. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides

Composition #7: Rastogi, A., Shankar, S., Mahalingam, G. Phytochemical screening, anti-oxidant activity and in vitro anti-diabetic activity of aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Hygrophilaauriculata. international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2014, vol. 6, no. 5, p. 557–560. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #8: Rastogi, A., Shankar, S., Mahalingam, G. Phytochemical screening, anti-oxidant activity and in vitro anti-diabetic activity of aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Hygrophilaauriculata. international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2014, vol. 6, no. 5, p. 557–560. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #9: Rastogi, A., Shankar, S., Mahalingam, G. Phytochemical screening, anti-oxidant activity and in vitro anti-diabetic activity of aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Hygrophilaauriculata. international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2014, vol. 6, no. 5, p. 557–560. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #10: Raj, Vasanth P., Chandrasekhar, Raghu H., Vijayan, P., Dhanaraj, S. A., Rao, Mallikarjuna C., Rao, Venkata J., Nitesh, K. In vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the total alkaloid fraction of Hygrophila auriculata leaves . indian journal of pharmacology, 2010, vol. 42, no. 2, p. 99–104. DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.64500. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Endpoint study #1: Rastogi, A., Shankar, S., Mahalingam, G. Phytochemical screening, anti-oxidant activity and in vitro anti-diabetic activity of aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Hygrophilaauriculata. international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2014, vol. 6, no. 5, p. 557–560. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

25
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

As compared to the standard acarbose, the methanolic extract had a significantly higher inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

Alpha-amylase inhibition

Endpoint study #2: Preethi, G.P., Gopalakrishna, H.N., Rathnakar, U.P., Durga, P., Vishnu., Shenoy, J. Acute diuretic activity of alcoholic extracts of Hygrophila auriculata seeds in normal wistar albino rats. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 1, p. P283–P289. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol extract
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Meal (G109A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

300
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

significant increase in electrolyte excretions at 300 mg/kg, increase in urine volume at 500 mg/kg
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

urinalysis (CHD029BE)
Internal remarks:

significant diuretic properties