EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult.

Family:: Apocynaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 589
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Alkaloids #2: Saponins #3: Alkaloids (stem) #4: Coumarins #5: Pregnane derivatives (desmisine, hemisine, medidesmine)

Endpoint Studies

#1: Hepatotoxicity

Genotoxicity

#1: Genotoxicity - chromosomal aberration

Composition #1: Rekha, S., Parvathi, A. Evaluation of phytochemical constituents of the roots of licorice, Indian ginseng, Indian madder and Indian Sarsaparilla. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 357–362. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH (80%)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.35-0.75
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #2: Rekha, S., Parvathi, A. Evaluation of phytochemical constituents of the roots of licorice, Indian ginseng, Indian madder and Indian Sarsaparilla. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 357–362. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH (80%)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.82-3.20
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #3: Arseculeratne S N., Gunatilaka A A., Panabokke R G. Studies of medicinal plants of Sri Lanka. Part 14: Toxicity of some traditional medicinal herbs. journal of ethnopharmacology, 1985, p. 323–335. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (stem)

Composition #4: Ananthi, R., Chandra, N., Santhiya, S. T., Ramesh, A. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. root extract in cultured lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 2010, vol. 127, no. 2, p. 558–560. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.034. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins

Composition #5: Deepak, D., Srivastava, S., Khare, A. Pregnane glycosides from Hemidesmus indicus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 1997, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 145–151. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00393-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CHCl3, EtOH
Substance:

pregnane derivatives (RF-00004313-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Desmisine, hemisine, medidesmine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Pregnane derivatives (desmisine, hemisine, medidesmine)

Endpoint study #1: Arseculeratne S N., Gunatilaka A A., Panabokke R G. Studies of medicinal plants of Sri Lanka. Part 14: Toxicity of some traditional medicinal herbs. journal of ethnopharmacology, 1985, p. 323–335. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

14.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Hepatotoxicity - degeneration and focal necrosis of hepatocytes
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Hepatotoxicity

Genotox #1: Ananthi, R., Chandra, N., Santhiya, S. T., Ramesh, A. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. root extract in cultured lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 2010, vol. 127, no. 2, p. 558–560. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.034. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

chromosome aberration assay (CHD047TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Strain of test organism:

lymphocytes (CHD036ST)
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

chromosome aberration
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

Doses 16 and 32 µg/ml caused 8.5-10 % chromosomal aberration (statistically significant).
Internal remarks:

Genotoxicity - chromosomal aberration
Internal ID:

WOS:000274833200053