EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Helleborus niger L.

Family:: Ranunculaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 155
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: Hellebrin #2: Protoanemonin #3: Corytuberine #4: Steroidal saponins #5: Hellebosaponins (A &D) #6: Hellebosaponins

Endpoint Studies

#1: Lethal effects of cardiac glycosides in cats

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Karrer, Walter. Hellebrin, a crystallized glycoside from the rhizome of Helleborus niger. helvetica chimica acta, 1943, p. 1353–1367. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water extract, followed by solvent fractionation
Substance:

Hellebrin (RF-00011270-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Hellebrin

Composition #2: Bonora, A., Dall'Olio, G., Bruni, A. Separation and quantitation of protoanemonin in Ranunculaceae by normal- and reversed-phase HPLC. planta medica, 1985, p. 364–367. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation followed by hexane extraction
Substance:

Protoanemonin (RF-00003593-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Protoanemonin

Composition #3: Slavik, Jiri., Bochorakova, Jitka., Slavikova, Leonora. Occurrence of magnoflorine and corytuberine in some wild or cultivated plants of Czechoslovakia. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1987, p. 804–811. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH,Soxhelt app.
Substance:

Corytuberine (RF-00011231-PAR)
Additional substance description:

traces
Analytical method code:

UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Corytuberine

Composition #4: Duckstein, Sarina M., Stintzing, Florian C. Comprehensive Study of the Phenolics and Saponins from Helleborus niger L. Leaves and Stems by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry . chemistry & biodiversity, 2014, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 276–298. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300267. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

steroidal saponins (RF-00010818-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Steroidal saponins

Composition #5: Duckstein, Sarina M., Lorenz, Peter., Conrad, Juergen., Stintzing, Florian C. Tandem mass spectrometric characterization of acetylated polyhydroxy hellebosaponins, the principal steroid saponins in Helleborus niger L. roots. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, 2014, vol. 28, no. 16, p. 1801–1812. DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6959. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetone:water (1:1)
Substance:

Hellebosaponins (RF-00010836-PAR)
Additional substance description:

hellebosaponins A and D
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Hellebosaponins (A &D)

Composition #6: Duckstein, Sarina M., Stintzing, Florian C. LC-MSn characterization of steroidal saponins in Helleborus niger L. roots and their conversion products during fermentation . steroids, 2015, vol. 93, p. 47–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.09.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone-water (1:1)
Substance:

Hellebosaponins (RF-00010836-PAR)
Additional substance description:

macranthosid-I and hellebosaponins A&D.
Analytical method code:

LC-MS/MS (F027A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Hellebosaponins

Endpoint study #1: Karrer, Walter. Cardiac glucosides. festschrift emil c. barell, 1936, p. 238–245. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional plant/substance description:

cardiac glycosides (including hellebrin)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Limit test:

No data
Tested organism:

Cat (as animal) (A0CNM)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

<10
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Effect description:

Lethal dose
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

not reported (CHD030BE)
Internal remarks:

Lethal effects of cardiac glycosides in cats