EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss. // Haloxylon articulatum (Moq.) Bunge

Family:: Amaranthaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 131
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: synephrine #2: Norephedrine #3: Piperidine (and other piperidine alkaloids) #4: Anabasine #5: isoquinoline alkaloids #6: β-carboline alkaloid #7: Coumarins #8: Isoquinoline alkaloids #9: Beta-carboline alkaloids #10: Piperidine alkaloids #11: Phenylethylamines #12: Cardiac glycosides #13: Saponins #14: Tannins

Endpoint Studies

#1: Decrease in glycemic index in mice after oral administration

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Saleem, Nabila H., Ferro, Valerie A., Simpson, Ann M., Igoli, John., Gray, Alexander I., Drummond, Robert M. The Inhibitory Effect of Haloxylon salicornicum on Contraction of the Mouse Uterus. . evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : ecam, 2013, vol. 2013, p. 714075. DOI: 10.1155/2013/714075. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol + water
Substance:

synephrine (RF-00004068-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC + NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

synephrine

Composition #2: Michel, Karl H., Sandberg, Finn., Haglid, Frank., Norin, Torbjorn. Alkaloids of Haloxylon salicornicum. Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica, 1967, p. 97–116. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH 80%
Substance:

norephedrine (RF-00003517-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Norephedrine

Composition #3: Michel, Karl H., Sandberg, Finn., Haglid, Frank., Norin, Torbjorn. Alkaloids of Haloxylon salicornicum. Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica, 1967, p. 97–116. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH 80%
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Piperidine, aldotripiperideine; halosaline
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Piperidine (and other piperidine alkaloids)

Composition #4: Michel, Karl H., Sandberg, Finn., Haglid, Frank., Norin, Torbjorn. Alkaloids of Haloxylon salicornicum. Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica, 1967, p. 97–116. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH 80%
Substance:

anabasine (RF-00003682-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anabasine

Composition #5: El-Shazly, Assem., Wink, Michael. Tetrahydroisoquinoline and β-carboline alkaloids from Haloxylon articulatum (Cav.) Bunge (Chenopodiaceae). zeitschrift fuer naturforschung, c: journal of biosciences, 2003, p. 477–480. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 80%
Substance:

Isoquinoline alkaloids (RF-00004391-PAR)
Additional substance description:

carnegine, salsolidine, 1-methylcorypalline
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR + MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

isoquinoline alkaloids

Composition #6: El-Shazly, Assem., Wink, Michael. Tetrahydroisoquinoline and β-carboline alkaloids from Haloxylon articulatum (Cav.) Bunge (Chenopodiaceae). zeitschrift fuer naturforschung, c: journal of biosciences, 2003, p. 477–480. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 80%
Substance:

carboline alkaloids (RF-00004384-PAR)
Additional substance description:

(2-Me,1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR + MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

β-carboline alkaloid

Composition #7: Azizuddin., Khan, Abdul Majeed., Mustafa, Sana. An update on secondary metabolites from Haloxylon species. journal of the chemical society of pakistan, 2013, p. 1551–1572. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

different solvents used for different compounds (e.g. ethyl acetate, choloroform)
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Scopoletin; Scopolin; Umbelliferone; Xanthotoxol; Isooxyimperatorin; Esculetin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins

Composition #8: Azizuddin., Khan, Abdul Majeed., Mustafa, Sana. An update on secondary metabolites from Haloxylon species. journal of the chemical society of pakistan, 2013, p. 1551–1572. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

different solvents used for different compounds (e.g. ethyl acetate, choloroform)
Substance:

Isoquinoline alkaloids (RF-00004391-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Isooxyimperatorin; Esculetin; Salsolidine; N-Methyl isosalsoline; Carnegine; Isosalsoline; Dehydrosalsolidine; Isosalsolidine; N-methylcorydaldine; Tetrahydroharman
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoquinoline alkaloids

Composition #9: Azizuddin., Khan, Abdul Majeed., Mustafa, Sana. An update on secondary metabolites from Haloxylon species. journal of the chemical society of pakistan, 2013, p. 1551–1572. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

different solvents used for different compounds (e.g. ethyl acetate, choloroform)
Substance:

carboline alkaloids (RF-00004384-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Laptocladine; 3-Methyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-β-carboline; 2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Beta-carboline alkaloids

Composition #10: Azizuddin., Khan, Abdul Majeed., Mustafa, Sana. An update on secondary metabolites from Haloxylon species. journal of the chemical society of pakistan, 2013, p. 1551–1572. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

different solvents used for different compounds (e.g. ethyl acetate, choloroform)
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

N-Acetylpiperidine; Piperidine; Aldotripiperidiene; Haloxine; Halosaline; Simpine; N-(2-Hydroxy ethyl) piperidine; 3,4-Dihydro-5-(2-piperidinyl)-1(2H)pyridine carboxaldehyde; haloxyline; haloxyline B
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Piperidine alkaloids

Composition #11: Azizuddin., Khan, Abdul Majeed., Mustafa, Sana. An update on secondary metabolites from Haloxylon species. journal of the chemical society of pakistan, 2013, p. 1551–1572. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

different solvents used for different compounds (e.g. ethyl acetate, choloroform)
Substance:

phenylethylamines (RF-00004366-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Tyramine; N-Methyltyramine; Phenethylamine; N-Methylphenethylamine; Hordenine; Oxedrine
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Phenylethylamines

Composition #12: Aqeel Ashraf, M., Mahmood, K., Wajid, A., Kaleem Qureshi, A., Gharibreza, M. Chemical constituents of Haloxylon salicornicum plant from Cholistan Desert, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2013, vol. 11, no. 3-4, p. 1176–1182. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides

Composition #13: Aqeel Ashraf, M., Mahmood, K., Wajid, A., Kaleem Qureshi, A., Gharibreza, M. Chemical constituents of Haloxylon salicornicum plant from Cholistan Desert, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2013, vol. 11, no. 3-4, p. 1176–1182. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #14: Aqeel Ashraf, M., Mahmood, K., Wajid, A., Kaleem Qureshi, A., Gharibreza, M. Chemical constituents of Haloxylon salicornicum plant from Cholistan Desert, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2013, vol. 11, no. 3-4, p. 1176–1182. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Endpoint study #1: Bouzidi, N., Merah, B., Derdour, A., Bellahouel, S., Benziane, M., Younos, C., Soulimani, R. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of Haloxylon articulatum (Forssk) Moq . planta medica, 2008, vol. 74, no. 9, p. 1023–1023. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

6.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Relative Potency Factor (CHD065EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

400
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Decrease in glycemic index in mice after oral administration
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

not reported (CHD030BE)
Internal remarks:

Decrease in glycemic index in mice after oral administration