EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis

Family:: Rubiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2217
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: emodin (flower) #2: physcion (flower)

Endpoint Studies

#1: hepatotoxicity

Genotoxicity

#1: Genotoxicity - positive SCE with "Gardenia yellow"

Composition #1: Song, Jia-Ling., Yang, Yong-Jian., Qi, Huan-Yang., Li, Qiang. Chemical constituents from flowers of Gardenia jasminoides .. zhong yao cai = zhongyaocai = journal of chinese medicinal materials, 2013, vol. 36, no. 5, p. 752–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

emodin (flower)

Composition #2: Song, Jia-Ling., Yang, Yong-Jian., Qi, Huan-Yang., Li, Qiang. Chemical constituents from flowers of Gardenia jasminoides .. zhong yao cai = zhongyaocai = journal of chinese medicinal materials, 2013, vol. 36, no. 5, p. 752–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

physcion (flower)

Endpoint study #1: Ding, Yue., Zhang, Tong., Tao, Jian-sheng., Zhang, Li-ying., Shi, Jian-rong., Ji, Guang. Potential hepatotoxicity of geniposide, the major iridoid glycoside in dried ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides (Zhi-zi) . natural product research, 2013, vol. 27, no. 10, p. 929–933. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.673604. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

geniposide geniposide (RF-00010845-PAR)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

60
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Lowest observed adverse effect level (CHD026EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

574
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

elevation of liver enzymes at dose 574 mg/kg bw and above, single dose
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

hepatotoxicity

Genotox #1: Ozaki, A., Kitano, M., Furusawa, N., Yamaguchi, H., Kuroda, K., Endo, G. Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2002, vol. 40, no. 11, p. 1603–1610. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00118-7. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

sister chromatid exchange assay in mammalian cells (CHD039TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Other (A07XE)
Strain of test organism:

lung fibroblasts (V79) (CHD032ST)
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

not applicable
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

chromosome aberration
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

Genotoxicity - positive with "Gardenia yellow", which is EtOH of Gardenia jasminoides, used as food colorant
Internal remarks:

Genotoxicity - positive SCE with "Gardenia yellow"
Internal ID:

WOS:000178168300007