EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Galanthus nivalis L.

Family:: Amaryllidaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 928
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: galanthamine (shoot)(quantified) #2: hippeastrine (shoot)(quantified) #3: narwedine (shoot)(quantified) #4: lycorine (shoot)(quantified) #5: narwedine (bulb, root)(quantified) #6: nivalidine (shoot)(quantified) #7: tazettine (bulb, root)(quantified) #8: nivalidine (bulb, root)(quantified) #9: galanthamine (bulb, root)(quantified) #10: lycorine (bulb, root)(quantified) #11: lectin (GNA = Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) #12: tazettine #13: ismine #14: lycorine #15: alkaloids (whole plant) #16: Alkaloids (total) - roots #17: Alkaloids (total) - bulbs #18: alkaloids (total) - leaves #19: alkaloids (total) - flower #20: alkaloids aerial parts (tyramine-, nariclasin-, galanthamine-, haemanthamine-, lycorine-, tazettine-, homolycorine-type, and unidentified type)

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Kalashnikov, I. D. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1970 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Substance:

galanthamine (RF-00003399-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.06
Internal remarks:

galanthamine (shoot)(quantified)

Composition #2: Kalashnikov, I. D. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1970 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Substance:

hippeastrine (RF-00003421-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.06
Internal remarks:

hippeastrine (shoot)(quantified)

Composition #3: Kalashnikov, I. D. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1970 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Substance:

narwedine (RF-00003505-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03
Internal remarks:

narwedine (shoot)(quantified)

Composition #4: Kalashnikov, I. D. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1970 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Substance:

lycorine (RF-00003913-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02
Internal remarks:

lycorine (shoot)(quantified)

Composition #5: Kalashnikov, I. D. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1970 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Substance:

narwedine (RF-00003505-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03
Internal remarks:

narwedine (bulb, root)(quantified)

Composition #6: Kalashnikov, I. D. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1970 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Substance:

nivalidine (RF-00011041-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.05
Internal remarks:

nivalidine (shoot)(quantified)

Composition #7: Kalashnikov, I. D. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1970 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Substance:

tazettine (RF-00003599-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03
Internal remarks:

tazettine (bulb, root)(quantified)

Composition #8: Kalashnikov, I. D. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1970 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Substance:

nivalidine (RF-00011041-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.06
Internal remarks:

nivalidine (bulb, root)(quantified)

Composition #9: Kalashnikov, I. D. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1970 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Substance:

galanthamine (RF-00003399-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.06
Internal remarks:

galanthamine (bulb, root)(quantified)

Composition #10: Kalashnikov, I. D. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1970 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Substance:

lycorine (RF-00003913-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02
Internal remarks:

lycorine (bulb, root)(quantified)

Composition #11: Vasconcelos, IM., Oliveira, JTA. Antinutritional properties of plant lectins. toxicon, 2004, vol. 44, no. 4, p. 385–403. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.05.005. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Additional substance description:

GNA = Galanthus nivalis agglutinin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lectin (GNA = Galanthus nivalis agglutinin)

Composition #12: Berkov, Strahil., Codina, Carles., Viladomat, Francesc., Bastida, Jaume. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 2007, vol. 68, no. 13, p. 1791–1798. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.025. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

tazettine (RF-00003599-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, H NMR, NOESY, HRMS, GC-MS, HMBC, HMQC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tazettine

Composition #13: Berkov, Strahil., Codina, Carles., Viladomat, Francesc., Bastida, Jaume. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 2007, vol. 68, no. 13, p. 1791–1798. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.025. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

ismine (RF-00003439-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, H NMR, NOESY, HRMS, GC-MS, HMBC, HMQC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

ismine

Composition #14: Berkov, Strahil., Codina, Carles., Viladomat, Francesc., Bastida, Jaume. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 2007, vol. 68, no. 13, p. 1791–1798. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.025. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

lycorine (RF-00003913-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, H NMR, NOESY, HRMS, GC-MS, HMBC, HMQC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lycorine

Composition #15: Berkov, Strahil., Codina, Carles., Viladomat, Francesc., Bastida, Jaume. Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 2007, vol. 68, no. 13, p. 1791–1798. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.025. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

hamayne; ungeremine;
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, H NMR, NOESY, HRMS, GC-MS, HMBC, HMQC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (whole plant)

Composition #16: Berkov, Strahil., Bastida, Jaume., Sidjimova, Borijana., Viladomat, Francesc., Codina, Carles. Phytochemical differentiation of Galanthus nivalis and Galanthus elwesii (Amaryllidaceae): A case, study . biochemical systematics and ecology, 2008, vol. 36, no. 8, p. 638–645. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2008.04.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.2-30.9
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (total) - roots

Composition #17: Berkov, Strahil., Bastida, Jaume., Sidjimova, Borijana., Viladomat, Francesc., Codina, Carles. Phytochemical differentiation of Galanthus nivalis and Galanthus elwesii (Amaryllidaceae): A case, study . biochemical systematics and ecology, 2008, vol. 36, no. 8, p. 638–645. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2008.04.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.9-43.7
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (total) - bulbs

Composition #18: Berkov, Strahil., Bastida, Jaume., Sidjimova, Borijana., Viladomat, Francesc., Codina, Carles. Phytochemical differentiation of Galanthus nivalis and Galanthus elwesii (Amaryllidaceae): A case, study . biochemical systematics and ecology, 2008, vol. 36, no. 8, p. 638–645. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2008.04.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.4-50.7
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (total) - leaves

Composition #19: Berkov, Strahil., Bastida, Jaume., Sidjimova, Borijana., Viladomat, Francesc., Codina, Carles. Phytochemical differentiation of Galanthus nivalis and Galanthus elwesii (Amaryllidaceae): A case, study . biochemical systematics and ecology, 2008, vol. 36, no. 8, p. 638–645. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2008.04.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.3-69.3
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (total) - flower

Composition #20: Berkov, Strahil., Bastida, Jaume., Sidjimova, Borjana., Viladomat, Francesc., Codina, Carles. Alkaloid Diversity in Galanthus elwesii and Galanthus nivalis. chemistry & biodiversity, 2011, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 115–130. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900380. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

tyramine-, nariclasin-, galanthamine-, haemanthamine-, lycorine-, tazettine-, homolycorine-type, and unidentified type
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, NMR, UV
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids aerial parts (tyramine-, nariclasin-, galanthamine-, haemanthamine-, lycorine-, tazettine-, homolycorine-type, and unidentified type)