EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Marumi kumquat (as plant) // Citrus japonica Thunb. // Citrus madurensis Lour. // Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle

Family:: Rutaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 562
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Daidzin #2: Genistin #3: Sissotrin #4: Genistein #5: Formononetin #6: Prunetin #7: Biochanin A #8: Umbelliferone #9: Auraptene #10: myrcene #11: myrcene #12: Eugenol #13: (Z)-Asarone #14: myrcene

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, p. 64–70. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

daidzin (RF-00003763-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-ELISA
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

92.2
Internal remarks:

Daidzin

Composition #2: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, p. 64–70. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

genistin (RF-00003829-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-ELISA
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

63.5
Internal remarks:

Genistin

Composition #3: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, p. 64–70. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

Sissotrin (RF-00011021-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-ELISA
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

55.2
Internal remarks:

Sissotrin

Composition #4: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, p. 64–70. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-ELISA
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

27.6
Internal remarks:

Genistein

Composition #5: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, p. 64–70. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

formononetin (RF-00000291-NTR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-ELISA
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

387
Internal remarks:

Formononetin

Composition #6: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, p. 64–70. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

Prunetin (RF-00011016-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-ELISA
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

168.1
Internal remarks:

Prunetin

Composition #7: Koblovska, Radka., Mackova, Zuzana., Vitkova, Michaela., Kokoska, Ladislav., Klejdus, Borivoj., Lapcik, Oldrich. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. phytochemical analysis, 2008, p. 64–70. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

biochanin-A (RF-00004182-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-ELISA
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

106.3
Internal remarks:

Biochanin A

Composition #8: Mercolini, Laura., Mandrioli, Roberto., Ferranti, Anna., Sorella, Vittorio., Protti, Michele., Epifano, Francesco., Curini, Massimo., Raggi, Maria Augusta. Quantitative Evaluation of Auraptene and Umbelliferone, Chemopreventive Coumarins in Citrus Fruits, by HPLC-UV-FL-MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013, p. 1694–1701. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

umbelliferone (RF-00004096-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Umbelliferone

Composition #9: Mercolini, Laura., Mandrioli, Roberto., Ferranti, Anna., Sorella, Vittorio., Protti, Michele., Epifano, Francesco., Curini, Massimo., Raggi, Maria Augusta. Quantitative Evaluation of Auraptene and Umbelliferone, Chemopreventive Coumarins in Citrus Fruits, by HPLC-UV-FL-MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013, p. 1694–1701. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

auraptene (RF-00010983-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Auraptene

Composition #10: Choi, HS. Characteristic odor components of kumquat (Fortunella japonica swingle) peel oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2005, vol. 53, no. 5, p. 1642–1647. DOI: 10.1021/jf040324x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

cold pressing method
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.84
Internal remarks:

myrcene

Composition #11: Quijano, Clara E., Pino, Jorge A. Volatile Compounds of Round Kumquat (Fortunella japonica Swingle) Peel Oil From Colombia. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH, 2009, vol. 21, no. 6, p. 483–485. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydro distillation, Clevenger-type
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.3
Internal remarks:

myrcene

Composition #12: Satyal, Prabodh., Paudel, Prajwal., Limbu, Kuber., Setzer, William N. Leaf Essential Oil Composition of Citrus japonica from Nepal. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS, 2012, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 357–359. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2012.10644059. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydro distillation, Clevenger-type
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

14.8
Internal remarks:

Eugenol

Composition #13: Satyal, Prabodh., Paudel, Prajwal., Limbu, Kuber., Setzer, William N. Leaf Essential Oil Composition of Citrus japonica from Nepal. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS, 2012, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 357–359. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2012.10644059. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydro distillation, Clevenger-type
Substance:

beta-asarone (RF-00003708-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5
Internal remarks:

(Z)-Asarone

Composition #14: UMANO, K., HAGI, Y., TAMURA, T., SHOJI, A., SHIBAMOTO, T. IDENTIFICATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM ROUND KUMQUAT (FORTUNELLA-JAPONICA SWINGLE). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 1994, vol. 42, no. 9, p. 1888–1890. DOI: 10.1021/jf00045a011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation, SPE
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.3- 2.1
Internal remarks:

myrcene