EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Flueggea suffruticosa (Pall.) Baill. // Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehder // Securinega suffruticosa var. amamiensis Hurus.

Family:: Phyllanthaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 217
Number of processed references:: 11

Compositions

#1: securinine (leaf, quantitative) #2: securinine (stem, quantitative) #3: securinine (flower, quantitative) #4: tannins (leaf, quantitative) #5: securinin (leaf)(quantified) #6: Securitinine (root bark) #7: tannins (gallic acid, corilagin, helioscopinin B, geraniin, bergenin, norbergenin, 11-O-galloyl norbergenin, gallocatechin) (leaf) #8: tannins ( gallic acid, corilagin, tercatain, geraniin, gallocatechin) (stem) #9: alkaloids (secu’amamines B, C, and D, phyllantidine, securinine, 4-epiphyllanthine,12 securitinine, 15R-methoxy-14,15- dihydrophyllochrysine) (wood) #10: alkaloids (allosecurinine, dihydrosecurinine, phyllantidine, securitinine, securinol A, B and C; secu'amamine A; viroallosecurinine; 15-ethoxy-14,15-dihydroviroallosecurinine; entphyllanthidine; phyllantidine B and securinol D) #11: Suffruticosine (leaves, bark) #12: Alkaloids (two new: 2-episecurinol A; 8-(diethylamino)-2-episecurinol A) (stem) #13: Alkaloids (Suffrutin A and B) (root) #14: Alkaloids (secu’amamine H; 15b-methoxy-14,15-dihydrosecurinine; securinol E; secu’amamine A; secu’amamine C; 14,15-dihydrosecurinine; securinine; securinol A; 2-episecurinol A; virosine B; secu’amamine E) (fruit)

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Teslov, S. V., Mukhitdinov, M. Phytochemical study of Securinega suffructicosa grown in Tashkent. tr. tashkentsk. farmatsevt. inst., 1962, p. 52–59. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

securinine (RF-00011053-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Analytical method - additional description:

titrimetri
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.58-0.84
Internal remarks:

securinine (leaf, quantitative)

Composition #2: Teslov, S. V., Mukhitdinov, M. Phytochemical study of Securinega suffructicosa grown in Tashkent. tr. tashkentsk. farmatsevt. inst., 1962, p. 52–59. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

securinine (RF-00011053-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Analytical method - additional description:

titrimetri
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.24-0.36
Internal remarks:

securinine (stem, quantitative)

Composition #3: Teslov, S. V., Mukhitdinov, M. Phytochemical study of Securinega suffructicosa grown in Tashkent. tr. tashkentsk. farmatsevt. inst., 1962, p. 52–59. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

securinine (RF-00011053-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Analytical method - additional description:

titrimetri
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.32
Internal remarks:

securinine (flower, quantitative)

Composition #4: Teslov, S. V., Mukhitdinov, M. Phytochemical study of Securinega suffructicosa grown in Tashkent. tr. tashkentsk. farmatsevt. inst., 1962, p. 52–59. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Analytical method - additional description:

titrimetri
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.84-7.89
Internal remarks:

tannins (leaf, quantitative)

Composition #5: Borkowski, Boguslaw., Frencel, Irena., Niemczycka, Marta. Presence of securinine in the leaves and young stems of Securinega suffructicosa cultivated in Poland. poznan. towarz. przyjaciol nauk, wydzial lekarsk., prace komisji farm., 1965, p. 115–120. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

securinine (RF-00011053-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.04
Internal remarks:

securinin (leaf)(quantified)

Composition #6: Horii, Zenichi., Ikeda, Masazumi., Hanaoka, Miyoji., Yamauchi, Masashige., Tamura, Yasumitsu., Saito, Seiichi., Tanaka, Tadasu., Kotera, Keishi., Sugimoto, Norio. Structure of securitinine. Chemical Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1967, p. 1633–1640. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Dichloroethan
Substance:

securitinine (RF-00011038-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, IR, NMR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Securitinine (root bark)

Composition #7: Lee, S.C., Ahn, B.T., Park, W.Y., Lee, S.H., Ro, J.S., Lee, K.S. Chemical study on the phenolic compounds from the leaves of Securinega suffruticosa. korean journal of pharmacognosy, 1994, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 105–122. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water-acetone
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

gallic acid, corilagin, helioscopinin B, geraniin, bergenin, norbergenin, 11-O-galloyl norbergenin, gallocatechin
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins (gallic acid, corilagin, helioscopinin B, geraniin, bergenin, norbergenin, 11-O-galloyl norbergenin, gallocatechin) (leaf)

Composition #8: Lee, S.C., Ahn, B.T., Park, W.Y., Lee, S.H., Ro, J.S., Lee, K.S. Phenolic compounds from stems of Securinega suffruticosa. korean journal of pharmacognosy, 1996, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

gallic acid, corilagin, tercatain, geraniin, gallocatechin
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Analytical method - additional description:

spectroscopy
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins ( gallic acid, corilagin, tercatain, geraniin, gallocatechin) (stem)

Composition #9: Ohsaki, Ayumi., Kobayashi, Yukino., Yoneda, Kaisuke., Kishida, Akio., Tshiyama, Haruaki. Securinega alkaloids from the wood of Securinega suffruticosa var. amamiensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 2007, vol. 70, no. 12, p. 2003–2005. DOI: 10.1021/np0780102. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

secu’amamines B, C, and D, phyllantidine, securinine, 4-epiphyllanthine,12 securitinine, 15R-methoxy-14,15- dihydrophyllochrysine
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

C and H NMR, HREIMS, IR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (secu’amamines B, C, and D, phyllantidine, securinine, 4-epiphyllanthine,12 securitinine, 15R-methoxy-14,15- dihydrophyllochrysine) (wood)

Composition #10: Raj, D., Luczkiewicz, M. Securinega suffruticosa. FITOTERAPIA, 2008, vol. 79, no. 6, p. 419–427. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2008.02.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

allosecurinine, dihydrosecurinine, phyllantidine, securitinine, securinol A, B and C; secu'amamine A; viroallosecurinine; 15-ethoxy-14,15-dihydroviroallosecurinine, entphyllanthidine; phyllantidine B and securinol D
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (allosecurinine, dihydrosecurinine, phyllantidine, securitinine, securinol A, B and C; secu'amamine A; viroallosecurinine; 15-ethoxy-14,15-dihydroviroallosecurinine; entphyllanthidine; phyllantidine B and securinol D)

Composition #11: Qin, Song., Liang, Jing-Yu., Gu, Yu-Cheng., Guo, Yue-Wei. Suffruticosine, a novel octacyclic alkaloid with an unprecedented skeleton from Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd.. TETRAHEDRON LETTERS, 2008, vol. 49, no. 49, p. 7066–7069. DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.148. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Suffruticosine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Suffruticosine (leaves, bark)

Composition #12: Qin, Song., Liang, Jing-Yu., Guo, Yue-Wei. Two New Securinega Alkaloids from Securinega suffruticosa. HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, 2009, vol. 92, no. 2, p. 399–403. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

2-episecurinol A; 8-(diethylamino)-2-episecurinol A
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (two new: 2-episecurinol A; 8-(diethylamino)-2-episecurinol A) (stem)

Composition #13: Wu, Zhen-Long., Zhao, Bing-Xin., Huang, Xiao-Jun., Tang, Gen-Yun., Shi, Lei., Jiang, Ren-Wang., Liu, Xin., Wang, Ying., Ye, Wen-Cai. Suffrutines A and B: A Pair of Z/E Isomeric Indolizidine Alkaloids from the Roots of Flueggea suffruticosa. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION, 2014, vol. 53, no. 23, p. 5796–5799. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400048. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Suffrutin A and B
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV, cristallographic data
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (Suffrutin A and B) (root)

Composition #14: Zhou, Li., Zhao, Bing-Xin., Jiang, Ren-Wang., Huang, Xiao-Jun., Wu, Zhen-Long., Wang, Ying., Ye, Wen-Cai. Securinega alkaloids from the fruits of Flueggea suffruticosa. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH, 2014, vol. 16, no. 6, p. 593–601. DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.930443. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

secu’amamine H; 15b-methoxy-14,15-dihydrosecurinine; securinol E; secu’amamine A (2) [3], secu’amamine C; 14,15-dihydrosecurinine; securinine; securinol A; 2-episecurinol A; virosine B; secu’amamine E
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC, 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (secu’amamine H; 15b-methoxy-14,15-dihydrosecurinine; securinol E; secu’amamine A; secu’amamine C; 14,15-dihydrosecurinine; securinine; securinol A; 2-episecurinol A; virosine B; secu’amamine E) (fruit)