EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Euphorbia tirucalli L.

Family:: Euphorbiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 394
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Phorbol esters #2: Phorbol esters #3: Scopoletin #4: Phorbol and derivatives #5: Ingenol and derivatives #6: Eutirucallin

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

#1: Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Machado MM., Oliveira LF., Zuravski L., Souza RO., Fischer P., Duarte JA., Rocha MO., Guez CM., Boligon AA., Athayde ML. Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extract ofEuphorbia tirucalli (Euphorbiaceae) in cell cultures of human leukocytes.. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 2016 . DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140076. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 70%
Substance:

Phorbol esters (RF-00004310-PAR)
Additional substance description:

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.12
Internal remarks:

Phorbol esters

Composition #2: Baslas, R. K., Gupta, N. C. Chemical investigation of the root of Euphorbia tirucalli L. herba hungarica, 1983, p. 35–38. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Phorbol esters (RF-00004310-PAR)
Additional substance description:

tinyatoxin, 20-O-acetylresiniferonol 9,13,14-orthophenyl acetate, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate 20-acetate, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-O-phenylacetate-16-O-α-methylbutyrate-2-acetate
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Phorbol esters

Composition #3: Wang, Li., Xiao, Guo-qiong., Wang, Yu-fei., Zang, Zhen., Zhao, Yong. Chemical constituents from Euphorbia tirucalli. tianran chanwu yanjiu yu kaifa, 2014, p. 1961–1964. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone 70%
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Scopoletin

Composition #4: Fürstenberger, G., Hecker, E. On the active principles of the euphorbiaceae, XII. Highly unsaturated irritant diterpene esters from Euphorbia tirucalli originating from Madagascar. journal of natural products, 1986, vol. 49, no. 3, p. 386–397. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Latex (as part-nature) (A166S)
Substance:

phorbol (RF-00003989-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Phorbol and derivatives
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Phorbol and derivatives

Composition #5: Fürstenberger, G., Hecker, E. On the active principles of the euphorbiaceae, XII. Highly unsaturated irritant diterpene esters from Euphorbia tirucalli originating from Madagascar. journal of natural products, 1986, vol. 49, no. 3, p. 386–397. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Latex (as part-nature) (A166S)
Substance:

ingenol esters ingenol esters (RF-00004358-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Ingenol and derivatives
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Ingenol and derivatives

Composition #6: Santana, Sanzio Silva., Gennari-Cardoso, Margareth Leitao., Carvalho, Fernanda Caroline., Roque-Barreira, Maria Cristina., Santiago, Andre da Silva., Alvim, Fatima Cerqueira., Pirovani, Carlos Priminho. Eutirucallin, a RIP-2 Type Lectin from the Latex of Euphorbia tirucalli L. Presents Proinflammatory Properties . plos one, 2014, vol. 9, no. 2 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088422. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Latex (as part-nature) (A166S)
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Additional substance description:

Eutirucallin
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Eutirucallin

Genotox #1: Machado MM., Oliveira LF., Zuravski L., Souza RO., Fischer P., Duarte JA., Rocha MO., Guez CM., Boligon AA., Athayde ML. Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extract ofEuphorbia tirucalli (Euphorbiaceae) in cell cultures of human leukocytes.. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 2016 . DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140076. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage (CHD040TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Strain of test organism:

leukemia cells (HL-60) (CHD052ST)
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

E. tirucalli can act as a genotoxic agent, especially when it contains phorbol ester.
Internal remarks:

Genotoxicity
Internal ID:

26840004