EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Euphorbia helioscopia L.

Family:: Euphorbiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 411
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Diterpene esters #2: scopoletin #3: scoparone #4: alkaloids #5: saponin glycosides

Endpoint Studies

#1: 3 mother goats with their kids, poisoning effect, one goat with its kids died

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Zayed, SMAD., Farghaly, M., Taha, H., Gotta, H., Hecker, E. Dietary cancer risk conditional cancerogens in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge (Euphorbiaceae) - I. Skin irritant and tumor-promoting ingenane-type diterpene esters in E-peplus, one of several herbaceous Euphoria species contaminating fodder of livestock. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 1998, vol. 124, no. 3-4, p. 131–140. DOI: 10.1007/s004320050146. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Diterpene esters (RF-00010831-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Diterpene esters

Composition #2: Geng, Di., Weng, Lianjin., Han, Yuanyuan., Yang, Xin., Wen, YX., Lei, FH. Chemical Constituents from Euphorbia helioscopia. advances in chemical engineering, pts 1-3, 2012, vol. 396-398, p. 1337–1340. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.396-398.1337. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Additional substance description:

scopoletin and derivatives
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

scopoletin

Composition #3: Geng, Di., Weng, Lianjin., Han, Yuanyuan., Yang, Xin., Wen, YX., Lei, FH. Chemical Constituents from Euphorbia helioscopia. advances in chemical engineering, pts 1-3, 2012, vol. 396-398, p. 1337–1340. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.396-398.1337. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

scoparone (RF-00004047-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

scoparone

Composition #4: Saleem, Uzma., Hussain, Khalid., Ahmad, Mobasher., Bukhari, Nadeem Irfan., Malik, Arif., Ahmad, Bashir. Physicochemical and phytochemical analysis of Euphorbia helioscopia (L.). pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2014, vol. 27, no. 3, p. 577–585. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water, Ethanol, Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

03.56-41.84
Internal remarks:

alkaloids

Composition #5: Saleem, Uzma., Hussain, Khalid., Ahmad, Mobasher., Bukhari, Nadeem Irfan., Malik, Arif., Ahmad, Bashir. Physicochemical and phytochemical analysis of Euphorbia helioscopia (L.). pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2014, vol. 27, no. 3, p. 577–585. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water, Ethanol, Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol
Substance:

saponin glycosides saponin glycosides (RF-00004318-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=34
Internal remarks:

saponin glycosides

Endpoint study #1: Nawito, M., Ahmed, YF., Shalaby, SI., Nada, A., Zayed, SMAD., Hecker, E. Dietary cancer risk from conditional cancerogens (tumor promoters) in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge (Euphorbiaceae) IV. Toxicologic and pathophysiologic observations in lactating goats and their suckling kids fed on the irritant herbs Euphorbia nubica and Euphorbia helioscopia: an etiologic model for investigations on the putative risk of cancer by consumption of food polluted with tumor promoters. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2001, vol. 127, no. 1, p. 34–39. DOI: 10.1007/s004320000213. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Diterpene esters (RF-00010831-PAR)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Goat (as animal) (A057P)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

13.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

3
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per day (G233A)
Effect concentration:

30
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

Poisoning effect, loss of weight, decreasing blood pulse, irregular contraction of heart, loss of body hair, pain in the abdomen area, one goat with its two kids died during experiment, other two 11 day after.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

3 mother goats with their kids, poisoning effect, one goat with its kids died