EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Wild rocket (as plant) // Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.

Family:: Brassicaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 254
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Glucoraphanin (seeds) #2: glucoerucin (seeds) #3: glucosinolates (total) #4: Glucoalyssin #5: Glucoraphanin #6: Glucosinalbin #7: Glucoerucin #8: Progoitrin #9: Glucobrassicin #10: 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin #11: glucosinolates (total) #12: Glucosinolates #13: Glucoerucin #14: Glucoraphanin #15: 4-hydroxyglucobrassin

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Bennett, Richard N., Mellon, Fred A., Kroon, Paul A. Screening crucifer seeds as sources of specific intact glucosinolates using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004, p. 428–438. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

70 % methanol
Substance:

glucoraphanin (RF-00010874-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Glucoraphanin (seeds)

Composition #2: Bennett, Richard N., Mellon, Fred A., Kroon, Paul A. Screening crucifer seeds as sources of specific intact glucosinolates using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004, p. 428–438. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

70 % methanol
Substance:

glucoerucin (RF-00003841-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

glucoerucin (seeds)

Composition #3: D'Antuono, L.F., Elementi, S., Neri, R. Glucosinolates in Diplotaxis and Eruca leaves: Diversity, taxonomic relations and applied aspects. phytochemistry, 2008, vol. 69, no. 1, p. 187–199. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.06.019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Glucosinolates (RF-00000330-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Glucoraphanin, Glucolepidin, Glucoalyssin, Sinalbin, 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin, Glucotropaeolin, Glucoerucin, Glucobrassicin, 4-Methoxyglucobrassicin, Gluconasturtiin
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3816
Internal remarks:

glucosinolates (total)

Composition #4: Pasini, Federica., Verardo, Vito., Caboni, Maria Fiorenza., D'Antuono, Luigi Filippo. Determination of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in rocket salad by HPLC-DAD-MS: Evaluation of Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. genetic resources . food chemistry, 2012, vol. 133, no. 3, p. 1025–1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Glucoalyssin (RF-00010869-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.2-0.4
Internal remarks:

Glucoalyssin

Composition #5: Pasini, Federica., Verardo, Vito., Caboni, Maria Fiorenza., D'Antuono, Luigi Filippo. Determination of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in rocket salad by HPLC-DAD-MS: Evaluation of Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. genetic resources . food chemistry, 2012, vol. 133, no. 3, p. 1025–1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

glucoraphanin (RF-00010874-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.2-0.4
Internal remarks:

Glucoraphanin

Composition #6: Pasini, Federica., Verardo, Vito., Caboni, Maria Fiorenza., D'Antuono, Luigi Filippo. Determination of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in rocket salad by HPLC-DAD-MS: Evaluation of Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. genetic resources . food chemistry, 2012, vol. 133, no. 3, p. 1025–1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Sinalbin (RF-00010865-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.4-1.7
Internal remarks:

Glucosinalbin

Composition #7: Pasini, Federica., Verardo, Vito., Caboni, Maria Fiorenza., D'Antuono, Luigi Filippo. Determination of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in rocket salad by HPLC-DAD-MS: Evaluation of Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. genetic resources . food chemistry, 2012, vol. 133, no. 3, p. 1025–1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

glucoerucin (RF-00003841-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

18.9-26.3
Internal remarks:

Glucoerucin

Composition #8: Pasini, Federica., Verardo, Vito., Caboni, Maria Fiorenza., D'Antuono, Luigi Filippo. Determination of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in rocket salad by HPLC-DAD-MS: Evaluation of Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. genetic resources . food chemistry, 2012, vol. 133, no. 3, p. 1025–1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Glucorapiferin (RF-00010872-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6-12.3
Internal remarks:

Progoitrin

Composition #9: Pasini, Federica., Verardo, Vito., Caboni, Maria Fiorenza., D'Antuono, Luigi Filippo. Determination of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in rocket salad by HPLC-DAD-MS: Evaluation of Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. genetic resources . food chemistry, 2012, vol. 133, no. 3, p. 1025–1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

glucobrassicin (RF-00003840-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.1-2.1
Internal remarks:

Glucobrassicin

Composition #10: Pasini, Federica., Verardo, Vito., Caboni, Maria Fiorenza., D'Antuono, Luigi Filippo. Determination of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in rocket salad by HPLC-DAD-MS: Evaluation of Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. genetic resources . food chemistry, 2012, vol. 133, no. 3, p. 1025–1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Glucosinolates (RF-00000330-TOX)
Additional substance description:

4-hydroxyglucobrassicin
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.1-4.9
Internal remarks:

4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin

Composition #11: Pasini, Federica., Verardo, Vito., Caboni, Maria Fiorenza., D'Antuono, Luigi Filippo. Determination of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in rocket salad by HPLC-DAD-MS: Evaluation of Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. genetic resources . food chemistry, 2012, vol. 133, no. 3, p. 1025–1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Glucosinolates (RF-00000330-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1164.2-3031.1
Internal remarks:

glucosinolates (total)

Composition #12: Bell, Luke., Oruna-Concha, Maria Jose., Wagstaff, Carol. Identification and quantification of glucosinolate and flavonol compounds in rocket salad (Eruca sativa, Eruca vesicaria and Diplotaxis tenuifolia) by LC-MS: Highlighting the potential for improving nutritional value of rocket crops . food chemistry, 2015, vol. 172, p. 852–861. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.116. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH(70%)
Substance:

Glucosinolates (RF-00000330-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Glucotropaeolin, Glucolepiidin, Glucoraphanin, Glucoiberverin, Glucosativin, DMB, Glucoerucin, Glucoraphenin, Glucoibarin
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.1-11.6
Internal remarks:

Glucosinolates

Composition #13: Hall, Matthew K. D., Jobling, Jenny J., Rogers, Gordon S. Variations in the most abundant types of glucosinolates found in the leaves of baby leaf rocket under typical commercial conditions . journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2015, vol. 95, no. 3, p. 552–559. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6774. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH(70%)
Substance:

glucoerucin (RF-00003841-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Microgram/kilogram (G050A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

51-214
Internal remarks:

Glucoerucin

Composition #14: Hall, Matthew K. D., Jobling, Jenny J., Rogers, Gordon S. Variations in the most abundant types of glucosinolates found in the leaves of baby leaf rocket under typical commercial conditions . journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2015, vol. 95, no. 3, p. 552–559. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6774. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH(70%)
Substance:

glucoraphanin (RF-00010874-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Microgram/kilogram (G050A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

166-437
Internal remarks:

Glucoraphanin

Composition #15: Hall, Matthew K. D., Jobling, Jenny J., Rogers, Gordon S. Variations in the most abundant types of glucosinolates found in the leaves of baby leaf rocket under typical commercial conditions . journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2015, vol. 95, no. 3, p. 552–559. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6774. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH(70%)
Substance:

Glucosinolates (RF-00000330-TOX)
Additional substance description:

4-hydroxyglucobrassicin
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Microgram/kilogram (G050A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-787
Internal remarks:

4-hydroxyglucobrassin