EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 617
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: Tannins (leaves) #2: Tannins (bark) #3: Gallic acid (leaves) #4: Scopoletin #5: Esculetin #6: 2-Azetidinecarboxylic acid #7: Lectins #8: Gallic acid #9: 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid #10: Saponins #11: Phytic acid #12: Oxalates #13: Alkaloids #14: Cardiac glycosides #15: Tannins #16: 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde

Endpoint Studies

#1: Trypsin inhibition (seeds) #2: No adverse effects observed in Swiss mice after oral administration of up to 120 g/kg body weight of seed powder in water #3: No adverse effects observed in Wistar rat after oral administration of up to 120 g/kg body weight of seed powder in water

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: El Sherbeiny, A. E. A., Saleh, N. A. M., El Sissi, H. I. Local plants as potential sources of tannins in Egypt. V. Lauraceae to Meliaceae. Qualitas Plantarum et Materiae Vegetabiles, 1971, p. 285–296. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins (leaves)

Composition #2: El Sherbeiny, A. E. A., Saleh, N. A. M., El Sissi, H. I. Local plants as potential sources of tannins in Egypt. V. Lauraceae to Meliaceae. Qualitas Plantarum et Materiae Vegetabiles, 1971, p. 285–296. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins (bark)

Composition #3: El Sherbeiny, A. E. A., Saleh, N. A. M., El Sissi, H. I. Local plants as potential sources of tannins in Egypt. V. Lauraceae to Meliaceae. Qualitas Plantarum et Materiae Vegetabiles, 1971, p. 285–296. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid (leaves)

Composition #4: Abou Zeid, A. H. S. Phytochemical and biological investigation of Delonix regia Raf. leaves. bulletin of the faculty of pharmacy (cairo university), 2002, p. 175–187. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ether
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Scopoletin

Composition #5: Abou Zeid, A. H. S. Phytochemical and biological investigation of Delonix regia Raf. leaves. bulletin of the faculty of pharmacy (cairo university), 2002, p. 175–187. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ether
Substance:

Esculetin (RF-00003667-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Esculetin

Composition #6: Ahmed, Jameel., Nirmal, S. A., Rub, R. A., Budhavale, S. K., Pattan, S. R. An overview of Delonix regia: chemistry and pharmacological profile. Pharmacologyonline, 2009, p. 544–549. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water
Substance:

imidazole alkaloids (RF-00010804-PAR)
Additional substance description:

2-Azetidinecarboxylic acid
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

2-Azetidinecarboxylic acid

Composition #7: Ahmed, Jameel., Nirmal, S. A., Rub, R. A., Budhavale, S. K., Pattan, S. R. An overview of Delonix regia: chemistry and pharmacological profile. Pharmacologyonline, 2009, p. 544–549. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lectins

Composition #8: Ahmed, Jameel., Nirmal, S. A., Rub, R. A., Budhavale, S. K., Pattan, S. R. An overview of Delonix regia: chemistry and pharmacological profile. Pharmacologyonline, 2009, p. 544–549. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid

Composition #9: Ahmed, Jameel., Nirmal, S. A., Rub, R. A., Budhavale, S. K., Pattan, S. R. An overview of Delonix regia: chemistry and pharmacological profile. Pharmacologyonline, 2009, p. 544–549. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water
Substance:

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008325-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid

Composition #10: Ladipo, M. K., Akinfemi, A. Evaluation of some selected browse plants as ruminant feed using in vitro production technique. international journal of agriscience, 2014, p. 260–266. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.89
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #11: Ladipo, M. K., Akinfemi, A. Evaluation of some selected browse plants as ruminant feed using in vitro production technique. international journal of agriscience, 2014, p. 260–266. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Additional substance description:

phytate
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.61
Internal remarks:

Phytic acid

Composition #12: Ladipo, M. K., Akinfemi, A. Evaluation of some selected browse plants as ruminant feed using in vitro production technique. international journal of agriscience, 2014, p. 260–266. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.80
Internal remarks:

Oxalates

Composition #13: Shanmukha, I., Patel, H., Patel, J., Riyazunnisa. Quantification of Total Phenol and Flavonoid Content of Delonix regia Flowers. international journal of chemtech research, 2011, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 280–283. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pet.ether (60-80), chloroform and 70% alcohol.
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #14: Shanmukha, I., Patel, H., Patel, J., Riyazunnisa. Quantification of Total Phenol and Flavonoid Content of Delonix regia Flowers. international journal of chemtech research, 2011, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 280–283. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pet.ether (60-80), chloroform and 70% alcohol.
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides

Composition #15: Shanmukha, I., Patel, H., Patel, J., Riyazunnisa. Quantification of Total Phenol and Flavonoid Content of Delonix regia Flowers. international journal of chemtech research, 2011, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 280–283. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pet.ether (60-80), chloroform and 70% alcohol.
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #16: CHOU, CH., LEU, LL. ALLELOPATHIC SUBSTANCES AND INTERACTIONS OF DELONIX-REGIA (BOJ) RAF. journal of chemical ecology, 1992, vol. 18, no. 12, p. 2285–2303. DOI: 10.1007/BF00984951. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (RF-00001977-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde

Endpoint study #1: Giral, F., Sotelo, A., Lucas, B., De la Vega, A. Chemical composition and toxic factors content in fifteen leguminous seeds. quarterly journal of crude drug research, 1978, p. 143–149. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Effect concentration:

2.0
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

trypsin inhibition: 2.0 Trypsin Units Inhibited/mg dry weight of sample
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

Trypsin inhibition (seeds)

Endpoint study #2: Kadiri, M., Bedri, BA., Ajao, SS. Toxicological screening of some Nigerian wild legumes. revista de biologia tropical, 1996, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 269–274. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

seed powder in water
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

No data
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

<=120
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Effect description:

No adverse effects observed in Swiss mice after oral administration of up to 120 g/kg body weight of seed powder in water
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

no adverse effect observed (CHD018BE)
Internal remarks:

No adverse effects observed in Swiss mice after oral administration of up to 120 g/kg body weight of seed powder in water

Endpoint study #3: Kadiri, M., Bedri, BA., Ajao, SS. Toxicological screening of some Nigerian wild legumes. revista de biologia tropical, 1996, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 269–274. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

seed powder in water
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

<=120
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Effect description:

No adverse effects observed in Wistar rat after oral administration of up to 120 g/kg body weight of seed powder in water
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

no adverse effect observed (CHD018BE)
Internal remarks:

No adverse effects observed in Wistar rat after oral administration of up to 120 g/kg body weight of seed powder in water