EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Croton lechleri Müll.Arg.

Family:: Euphorbiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 119
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Isoquinoline alkaloids #2: beta-calacorene #3: alpha-calacorene #4: Cadalene #5: Taspine #6: clerodane-type diterpenes #7: 4-O-Methylcedrusin (furan derivatives) #8: dihydrobenzofuran lignans #9: Sinoacutine

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Milanowski, DJ., Winter, REK., Elvin-Lewis, MPF., Lewis, WH. Geographic disitribution of three alkaloid chemotypes of Croton lechleri. journal of natural products, 2002, vol. 65, no. 6, p. 814–819. DOI: 10.1021/np000270-v. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Isoquinoline alkaloids (RF-00004391-PAR)
Additional substance description:

isoboldine, norisoboldine, magnoflorine, thaliporphine, glaucine
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoquinoline alkaloids

Composition #2: Rossi, Damiano., Guerrini, Alessandra., Maietti, Silvia., Bruni, Renato., Paganetto, Guglielmo., Poli, Ferruccio., Scalvenzi, Laura., Radice, Matteo., Saro, Katia., Sacchetti, Gianni. Chemical fingerprinting and bioactivity of Amazonian Ecuador Croton lechleri Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark essential oil: A new functional food ingredient? . food chemistry, 2011, vol. 126, no. 3, p. 837–848. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.042. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

beta-Calacorene (RF-00011309-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.34
Internal remarks:

beta-calacorene

Composition #3: Rossi, Damiano., Guerrini, Alessandra., Maietti, Silvia., Bruni, Renato., Paganetto, Guglielmo., Poli, Ferruccio., Scalvenzi, Laura., Radice, Matteo., Saro, Katia., Sacchetti, Gianni. Chemical fingerprinting and bioactivity of Amazonian Ecuador Croton lechleri Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark essential oil: A new functional food ingredient? . food chemistry, 2011, vol. 126, no. 3, p. 837–848. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.042. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Alpha-calacorene (RF-00011308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (Q) (F344A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11.29
Internal remarks:

alpha-calacorene

Composition #4: Rossi, Damiano., Guerrini, Alessandra., Maietti, Silvia., Bruni, Renato., Paganetto, Guglielmo., Poli, Ferruccio., Scalvenzi, Laura., Radice, Matteo., Saro, Katia., Sacchetti, Gianni. Chemical fingerprinting and bioactivity of Amazonian Ecuador Croton lechleri Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark essential oil: A new functional food ingredient? . food chemistry, 2011, vol. 126, no. 3, p. 837–848. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.042. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Cadalene (RF-00011304-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.12
Internal remarks:

Cadalene

Composition #5: Montopoli, Monica., Bertin, Riccardo., Chen, Zheng., Bolcato, Jenny., Caparrotta, Laura., Froldi, Guglielmina. Croton lechleri sap and isolated alkaloid taspine exhibit inhibition against human melanoma SK23 and colon cancer HT29 cell lines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 2012, vol. 144, no. 3, p. 747–753. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.032. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Sap (as part-nature) (A166V)
Additional extraction description:

Freeze-drying of sap
Substance:

taspine (RF-00004070-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-DAD, H-NMR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Taspine

Composition #6: CAI, Y., CHEN, ZP., PHILLIPSON, JD. BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF DRAGONS BLOOD FROM CROTON SPECIES OF SOUTH-AMERICA .2. DITERPENES FROM CROTON-LECHLERI . phytochemistry, 1993, vol. 32, no. 3, p. 755–760. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95166-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Sap (as part-nature) (A166V)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform
Substance:

clerodane-type diterpenes (RF-00004350-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

clerodane-type diterpenes

Composition #7: PIETERS, L., DEBRUYNE, T., CLAEYS, M., VLIETINCK, A., CALOMME, M., VANDENBERGHE, D. ISOLATION OF A DIHYDROBENZOFURAN LIGNAN FROM SOUTH-AMERICAN DRAGONS BLOOD (CROTON SPP) AS AN INHIBITOR OF CELL-PROLIFERATION. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 1993, vol. 56, no. 6, p. 899–906. DOI: 10.1021/np50096a013. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol
Substance:

furan derivatives (RF-00004396-PAR)
Additional substance description:

4-O-Methylcedrusin
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

C and H NMR, MS, EIMS, MS/MS, HR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

4-O-Methylcedrusin (furan derivatives)

Composition #8: PIETERS, L., DEBRUYNE, T., CLAEYS, M., VLIETINCK, A., CALOMME, M., VANDENBERGHE, D. ISOLATION OF A DIHYDROBENZOFURAN LIGNAN FROM SOUTH-AMERICAN DRAGONS BLOOD (CROTON SPP) AS AN INHIBITOR OF CELL-PROLIFERATION. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 1993, vol. 56, no. 6, p. 899–906. DOI: 10.1021/np50096a013. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

dihydrobenzofuran lignans
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

C and H NMR, MS, EIMS, MS/MS, HR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

dihydrobenzofuran lignans

Composition #9: Carlin, L., Vaisberg, AJ., Hammond, GB. Isolation of sinoacutine from the leaves of Croton lechleri. PLANTA MEDICA, 1996, vol. 62, no. 1, p. 90–91. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957819. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

95% Ethanol
Substance:

sinoacutine (RF-00004056-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, IR, N-NMR, EI-MS, TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sinoacutine