EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Crescentia cujete L.

Family:: Bignoniaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 112
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Phytate #2: Oxalates #3: Furanonaphthoquinones ( (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxydehydroiso-alpha-lapachone [1], (2R)-5,6-dimethoxydehydroiso-alpha-lapachone [2], (2R)-5-methoxydehydroiso-alpha-lapachone [3], 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione [4], 5-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione [5], 2-isopropenylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione [6], and 5-hydroxydehydroiso-alpha-lapachone [7]). #4: HCN #5: alkaloids #6: saponins

Endpoint Studies

#1: The extract induced dose-dependent significant CNS depressant symptoms in mice #2: Perinatal mortality and abortion in pregnant goats repeatedly trated with fruit pulp #3: Fruit of Crescentia cujete contain constituents that possess central depressant properties

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Oyeleke, G. O., Sulaiman, W. K., Adebayo, G. O., Ogunwale, A. O. Effect of dehulling on the nutritive and anti-nutritive components of calabash (Crescentia cujete L.) seed. international journal of chemistry (calcutta, india), 2011, p. 219–224. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

dehulled and whole seeds
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Additional substance description:

Phytates
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

220-330
Internal remarks:

Phytate

Composition #2: Oyeleke, G. O., Sulaiman, W. K., Adebayo, G. O., Ogunwale, A. O. Effect of dehulling on the nutritive and anti-nutritive components of calabash (Crescentia cujete L.) seed. international journal of chemistry (calcutta, india), 2011, p. 219–224. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

dehulled and whole seed
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

120-155
Internal remarks:

Oxalates

Composition #3: Hetzel, C E., Gunatilaka, A A., Glass, T E., Kingston, D G., Hoffmann, G., Johnson, R K. Bioactive furanonaphthoquinones from Crescentia cujete.. journal of natural products, 1993, vol. 56, no. 9, p. 1500–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeCOEt
Substance:

Naphthoquinones (RF-00010839-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Seven Furanonaphthoquinones
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Furanonaphthoquinones ( (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxydehydroiso-alpha-lapachone [1], (2R)-5,6-dimethoxydehydroiso-alpha-lapachone [2], (2R)-5-methoxydehydroiso-alpha-lapachone [3], 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione [4], 5-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione [5], 2-isopropenylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione [6], and 5-hydroxydehydroiso-alpha-lapachone [7]).

Composition #4: Ogbuagu, Marc Nwosu. The Nutritive and Anti-Nutritive Compositions of Calabash (Crescentia cujete) Fruit Pulp. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2008, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1069–1072. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Hydrogen cyanide (cyanides expressed as hydrogen cyanide) (RF-0243-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.23-0.28
Internal remarks:

HCN

Composition #5: Ogbuagu, Marc Nwosu. The Nutritive and Anti-Nutritive Compositions of Calabash (Crescentia cujete) Fruit Pulp. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2008, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1069–1072. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.46-0.74
Internal remarks:

alkaloids

Composition #6: Ogbuagu, Marc Nwosu. The Nutritive and Anti-Nutritive Compositions of Calabash (Crescentia cujete) Fruit Pulp. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2008, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1069–1072. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.34-0.70
Internal remarks:

saponins

Endpoint study #1: Aderibigbe, A. O., Olufunmilayo, T., Agboola, O., I. CNS depressant properties of the crude extract of Crescentia cujete in mice . planta medica, 2013, vol. 79, no. 13, p. 1161–1161. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Unspecified
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

28.5-39.7
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

CNS depressant symptoms
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

The extract induced dose-dependent significant CNS depressant symptoms in mice

Endpoint study #2: Assis, Tales S., Medeiros, Rosane M. T., de Araujo, Jose Allan S., Dantas, Antonio F. M., Riet-Correa, Franklin. Plant poisonings in ruminants and equidae in the Sertao of Paraiba, Brazil. . pesquisa veterinaria brasileira, 2009, vol. 29, no. 11, p. 919–924. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional plant/substance description:

pulp
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Goat (as animal) (A057P)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

84.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per kilogram body weight (G226A)
Effect concentration:

5-20
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

perinatal mortality and abortion
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Perinatal mortality and abortion in pregnant goats repeatedly trated with fruit pulp

Endpoint study #3: Krishna, Vivek., Khandelwal, Poonam., Koolwal, Neetu., Sharma, M. C., Singh, Pahup. Quinonoid molecular diversity in Bignoniaceae and its taxonomic significance . journal of the indian chemical society, 2012, vol. 89, no. 8, p. 1019–1024. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional plant/substance description:

crude extract from the pulp
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

125
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

dose dependent significant reduction in rearing, grooming, locomotor activity and head dips
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

Fruit of Crescentia cujete contain constituents that possess central depressant properties