EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A.Juss.

Family:: Euphorbiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 236
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Hemiargyrine #2: Glaucine #3: Oxoglaucine #4: Alkaloids #5: Tannins #6: Calcium oxalates #7: Phorbol esters

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Hassan, Emad M., Hassan, Rasmia A., Salib, Josline Y., Mohamed, Samy M., El-Toumy, Sayed A. Chemical constituents and cytotoxic activity of Codiaeum variegatum CV. petra. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2013, p. 4884–4888. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Isoquinoline alkaloids (RF-00004391-PAR)
Additional substance description:

hemiargyrine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Hemiargyrine

Composition #2: Hassan, Emad M., Hassan, Rasmia A., Salib, Josline Y., Mohamed, Samy M., El-Toumy, Sayed A. Chemical constituents and cytotoxic activity of Codiaeum variegatum CV. petra. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2013, p. 4884–4888. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

glaucine (RF-00003838-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Glaucine

Composition #3: Hassan, Emad M., Hassan, Rasmia A., Salib, Josline Y., Mohamed, Samy M., El-Toumy, Sayed A. Chemical constituents and cytotoxic activity of Codiaeum variegatum CV. petra. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2013, p. 4884–4888. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Oxoglaucine (RF-00011146-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Oxoglaucine

Composition #4: Labu, Z.K., Laboni, F.R., Mamun, M.M.A.-A., Howlader, M.S.I. Antidiarrhoeal activity and total tannin content of ethanolic leaf extract of codiaeum variegatum. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 87–90. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH (80%)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #5: Labu, Z.K., Laboni, F.R., Mamun, M.M.A.-A., Howlader, M.S.I. Antidiarrhoeal activity and total tannin content of ethanolic leaf extract of codiaeum variegatum. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 87–90. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH (80%)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Substance used for equivalence:

tannic acid (RF-00004069-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

251.41
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #6: Minocha, Rakesh., Chamberlain, Bradley., Long, Stephanie., Turlapati, Swathi A., Quigley, Gloria. Extraction and estimation of the quantity of calcium oxalate crystals in the foliage of conifer and hardwood trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 2015, vol. 35, no. 5, p. 574–580. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv031. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water, acetic acid
Substance:

Calcium oxalate (RF-00003960-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

inductively coupled plasma emission spectrophotometer method
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Calcium oxalates

Composition #7: HOCHLEITHNER, M. POISONING BY LEAVES OF CROTON (CODIAEUM-VARIEGATUM-PICTUM) IN A MEALY AMAZON (AMAZONA-FARINOSA) . wiener tierarztliche monatsschrift, 1991, vol. 78, no. 2, p. 68–70. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Latex (as part-nature) (A166S)
Substance:

Phorbol esters (RF-00004310-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Phorbol esters