EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Ligusticum officinale (Makino) Kitag // Cnidium officinale Makino

Family:: Apiaceae (Umbelifferae)
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 895
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Falcarindiol #2: Phthalides #3: Z-ligustilide

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

#1: positive genotoxicity Ames test (ethanol extract whole plant)

Composition #1: Kim, JM., Lee, P., Son, D., Kim, H., Kim, SY. Falcarindiol inhibits nitric oxide-mediated neuronal death in lipopolysaccharide-treated organotypic hippocampal cultures . neuroreport, 2003, vol. 14, no. 15, p. 1941–1944. DOI: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000092467.09492.54. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

falcarindiol (RF-00003811-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Falcarindiol

Composition #2: Chung, MS. Volatile compounds of Cnidium officinale M-AKINO. food science and biotechnology, 2004, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 603–608. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

Headspace solid phase microextraction
Substance:

Phthalides (RF-00010790-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Phthalides

Composition #3: Wu, Zhouwei., Uchi, Hiroshi., Morino-Koga, Saori., Shi, Weimin., Furue, Masutaka. Z-ligustilide ameliorated ultraviolet B-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes through upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and suppression of NF-kappa B pathway . experimental dermatology, 2015, vol. 24, no. 9, p. 703–708. DOI: 10.1111/exd.12758. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Z-ligustilide (RF-00011188-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Z-ligustilide

Genotox #1: Yoon, Wonho. Genotoxicological Safety Evaluation of the Solvent Extracts for Medicinal Herbs that are of Highly Domestic Spendings . the korean journal of food and nutrition, 2013, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 814–823. DOI: 10.9799/ksfan.2013.26.4.814. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

bacterial reverse mutation assay (CHD028TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Salmonella typhimurium (as organism) (A0CPZ)
Strain of test organism:

TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 (CHD037ST)
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

with
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

gene mutation
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

70% of ethanol extracts, the number of revertant colonies increased in a dose-dependent manner
Internal remarks:

positive genotoxicity Ames test (ethanol extract whole plant)
Internal ID:

KJD:ART001839398