EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Citron (as plant) // Citrus limetta Risso // Citrus medica L.

Family:: Rutaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2683
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: Myrcene #2: Furanocoumarins #3: Coumarins #4: Alkaloids #5: myrcene

Endpoint Studies

#1: Abortifacient activity #2: Antiimplantation activity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Di Giacomo, Angelo., Rispoli, Giuseppe. Sweet lemon Citrus limetta . I. Essential oil. essenze, derivati agrumari, 1969, p. 115–123. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Myrcene

Composition #2: Di Giacomo, Angelo., Rispoli, Giuseppe. Sweet lemon Citrus limetta . I. Essential oil. essenze, derivati agrumari, 1969, p. 115–123. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

bergamottin, 5,8-substituted psoralen, byakangelicine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Furanocoumarins

Composition #3: Di Giacomo, Angelo., Rispoli, Giuseppe. Sweet lemon Citrus limetta . I. Essential oil. essenze, derivati agrumari, 1969, p. 115–123. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin, citropten
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins

Composition #4: Sharangouda., Patil, Saraswati B. Antifertility principles from Citrus medica seeds: anti-implantation, abortifacient and phytochemical studies. asian journal of experimental sciences, 2010, p. 155–161. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petrolium ether, benzene and ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #5: Menichini, Federica., Tundis, Rosa., Loizzo, Monica Rosa., Bonesi, Marco., Provenzano, Eugenio., de Cindio, Bruno., Menichini, Francesco. In vitro photo-induced cytotoxic activity of Citrus bergamia and C. medica L. cv. Diamante peel essential oils and identified active coumarins . pharmaceutical biology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 9, p. 1059–1065. DOI: 10.3109/13880200903486636. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.1
Internal remarks:

myrcene

Endpoint study #1: Sharangouda., Patil, Saraswati B. Antifertility principles from Citrus medica seeds: anti-implantation, abortifacient and phytochemical studies. asian journal of experimental sciences, 2010, p. 155–161. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

petrolium ether, benzene, ethanol extract
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

14.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

200
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

Abortifacient activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Abortifacient activity

Endpoint study #2: Sharangouda., Patil, Saraswati B. Antifertility principles from Citrus medica seeds: anti-implantation, abortifacient and phytochemical studies. asian journal of experimental sciences, 2010, p. 155–161. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

petrolium ether, ehtanol extract
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

7.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

400
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

Antiimplantation activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Antiimplantation activity