EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Cissus quadrangularis L.

Family:: Vitaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 482
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Calcium oxalate #2: Saponins #3: Alkaloids #4: Saponins #5: Alkaloids #6: Tannins

Endpoint Studies

#1: alpha-amylase inhibition #2: alpha-glucosidase inhibition

Genotoxicity

#1: Mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, T1537. 1 mg/plate caused mutagenicity (colonies more mutagenic than 70% of control)

Composition #1: Anitha, R., Sandhiya, T. Occurrence of calcium oxalate crystals in the leaves of medicinal plants. International Journal of Pharmacognosy (Panchkula, India), 2014, p. 389–393. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Substance:

Calcium oxalate (RF-00003960-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Electron microscopical tests (F096A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Calcium oxalate

Composition #2: Teware, K., Singh, P., Mehta, R. Phytochemical extraction and analysis of medicinally important plant Cissus qudrangularis L. (Hadjod). Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2011, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 175–179. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroleum ether, Butanol, Ethyl acetate
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #3: Teware, K., Singh, P., Mehta, R. Phytochemical extraction and analysis of medicinally important plant Cissus qudrangularis L. (Hadjod). Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2011, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 175–179. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #4: Nathar Varsha, N., Yatoo Ghulam, M. Investigation on secondary metabolites in Cissus Quadrangularis linn. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2015, vol. 6, no. 2, p. P349–P353. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroleum
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #5: Nathar Varsha, N., Yatoo Ghulam, M. Investigation on secondary metabolites in Cissus Quadrangularis linn. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2015, vol. 6, no. 2, p. P349–P353. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroleum; Chloroform; Distilled water
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #6: Nathar Varsha, N., Yatoo Ghulam, M. Investigation on secondary metabolites in Cissus Quadrangularis linn. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2015, vol. 6, no. 2, p. P349–P353. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroleum; Chloroform; Distilled water
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Endpoint study #1: Sharp, Hazel., Hollinshead, Jackie., Bartholomew, Barbara B., Oben, Julius., Watson, Alison., Nash, Robert J. Inhibitory effects of Cissus quadrangularis L. derived components on lipase, amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity in vitro . natural product communications, 2007, vol. 2, no. 8, p. 817–822. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 50% - quercitrin, 3-O-rhamnopyranosylkaempferol, rhamnitrin, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylrhamnocitrin, quercitrin-3-O´´-acetate, parthenocissin A and 3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)indane-4,6-diol
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

2
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha-amylase inhibition ranging from 50 to 95% depending on the compound considered
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-amylase inhibition

Endpoint study #2: Sharp, Hazel., Hollinshead, Jackie., Bartholomew, Barbara B., Oben, Julius., Watson, Alison., Nash, Robert J. Inhibitory effects of Cissus quadrangularis L. derived components on lipase, amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity in vitro . natural product communications, 2007, vol. 2, no. 8, p. 817–822. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 50% - rhamnitrin, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylrhamnocitrin, parthenocissin A and 3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)indane-4,6-diol
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

2
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition ranging from 50 to 89% depending on the compound considered
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition

Genotox #1: Sivaswamy, S N., Balachandran, B., Balanehru, S., Sivaramakrishnan, V M. Mutagenic activity of south Indian food items.. indian journal of experimental biology, 1991, vol. 29, no. 8, p. 730–7. .

Study category:

Mutagenicity
Type of toxicological test:

bacterial reverse mutation assay (CHD028TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Salmonella typhimurium (as organism) (A0CPZ)
Strain of test organism:

TA 98 (CHD029ST)
Sex:

No data
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

score of relevant colonies in 72h
Internal remarks:

Mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, T1537. 1 mg/plate caused mutagenicity (colonies more mutagenic than 70% of control)
Internal ID:

MEDLINE:1769715