EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Chicory for roots (as plant) // Cichorium intybus L.

Family:: Asteraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 3409
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Harman #2: Norharman #3: Dihydroxycoumarin

Endpoint Studies

#1: decrease in body weight, testes weight, serum testosterone comparing to control #2: Neurotoxicity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Wojtowicz, E., Zawirska-Wojtasiak, R., Przygoński, K., Mildner-Szkudlarz, S. Bioactive β-carbolines norharman and harman in traditional and novel raw materials for chicory coffee. food chemistry, 2015, vol. 175, p. 280–283. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.143. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Aq. Extraction
Substance:

harman (RF-00003852-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.26
Internal remarks:

Harman

Composition #2: Wojtowicz, E., Zawirska-Wojtasiak, R., Przygoński, K., Mildner-Szkudlarz, S. Bioactive β-carbolines norharman and harman in traditional and novel raw materials for chicory coffee. food chemistry, 2015, vol. 175, p. 280–283. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.143. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Aq. Extraction
Substance:

norharmane (RF-00003952-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.05
Internal remarks:

Norharman

Composition #3: Atta-Ur-Rahman., Zareen, Seema., Choudhary, M. Iqbal., Akhtar, M. Nadeern., Khan, Shamsun Nahar. alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of triterpenoids from Cichorium [intybus]. journal of natural products, 2008, vol. 71, no. 5, p. 910–913. DOI: 10.1021/np800001v. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH(80%)
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Dihydroxycoumarin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Dihydroxycoumarin

Endpoint study #1: Roy, Choudhury A., Bhatt, Venkatakrishna H. Spermatogenic impairment in mice treated with Cichorium-intybus aqueous root suspension . indian journal of industrial medicine, 1996, vol. 42, no. 4, p. 217–218. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional plant/substance description:

aqueous suspension of dried powder
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

10.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent no treatment
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

8.7
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

decrease in body weight, testes weight, serum testosterone comparing to control
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

decrease in body weight, testes weight, serum testosterone comparing to control

Endpoint study #2: Ramírez Sánchez, Manuel Segundo., Mujica, Yovanny Avelino., Pascuzzo, Lima Carmine., Ramírez Fernandez, Manuel J. Probable intoxicación por achicoria (cichorium intybus). archivos venezolanos de puericultura y pediatría, 2007, vol. 70, no. 2, p. 69–72. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Raw, no heat treatment (A07HS)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

12
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

opioid-like clinical signs as central nervous system and respiratory depression, pin-point pupils and constipation
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

Neurotoxicity