EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Chrysanthemum (as plant) // Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. // Chrysanthemum sinense Sabine ex Sweet

Family:: Compositae (Asteraceae)
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2947
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Myrcene #2: 1,8 cineole #3: Eugenol #4: Camphor #5: Eucarvone #6: Isopinocamphone #7: Thujone #8: Coumarin #9: Eucalyptol #10: Camphor #11: Parthenolide #12: Sesquiterpene lactones

Endpoint Studies

#1: a-Glucosidase inhibition #2: a-amylase inhibition #3: a-amylase inhibition

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Bahadur, Rajendra., Gupta, Gopi Nath. Essential oils from Chrysanthemum morifolium leaves. riechstoffe, aromen, koerperpflegemittel, 1967, p. 60–62. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.4
Internal remarks:

Myrcene

Composition #2: Ito, Tetsuo., Tada, Shizuo., Sato, Shigemi. Aroma constituents of edible chrysanthemum. iwate daigaku nogakubu hokoku, 1990, p. 35–42. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

1,8 cineole

Composition #3: Ito, Tetsuo., Tada, Shizuo., Sato, Shigemi. Aroma constituents of edible chrysanthemum. iwate daigaku nogakubu hokoku, 1990, p. 35–42. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Eugenol

Composition #4: Ito, Tetsuo., Tada, Shizuo., Sato, Shigemi. Aroma constituents of edible chrysanthemum. iwate daigaku nogakubu hokoku, 1990, p. 35–42. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Camphor

Composition #5: Ito, Tetsuo., Tada, Shizuo., Sato, Shigemi. Aroma constituents of edible chrysanthemum. iwate daigaku nogakubu hokoku, 1990, p. 35–42. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Eucarvone (RF-00011287-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Eucarvone

Composition #6: Ito, Tetsuo., Tada, Shizuo., Sato, Shigemi. Aroma constituents of edible chrysanthemum. iwate daigaku nogakubu hokoku, 1990, p. 35–42. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(-)-Pinocamphone (RF-00003998-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Isopinocamphone
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isopinocamphone

Composition #7: Jo, Jung Ok., Kim, Sun Min., Kim, Kyong Su. Analysis of asarone, coumarin and thujone in medicinal plants used in brewing a Korean traditional folk wine. han'guk nonghwa hakhoechi, 1999, p. 210–217. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

20% ethanol
Substance:

alpha-thujone (RF-00003676-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Milligram/litre (G062A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.14
Internal remarks:

Thujone

Composition #8: Jo, Jung Ok., Kim, Sun Min., Kim, Kyong Su. Analysis of asarone, coumarin and thujone in medicinal plants used in brewing a Korean traditional folk wine. han'guk nonghwa hakhoechi, 1999, p. 210–217. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

20% ethanol
Substance:

Coumarin (RF-00000370-TOX)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Milligram/litre (G062A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.04
Internal remarks:

Coumarin

Composition #9: Liu, Ji-jin., Wang, Xiao-wei., Huang, Fu-xi., Xiong, Ying., Wu, Qiu-yun. GC determination of eucalyptol, camphor, borneol and bornyl acetate in volatile oil from Chrysanthemum morifolium. zhongcaoyao, 2006, p. 1352–1353. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Eucalyptol

Composition #10: Liu, Ji-jin., Wang, Xiao-wei., Huang, Fu-xi., Xiong, Ying., Wu, Qiu-yun. GC determination of eucalyptol, camphor, borneol and bornyl acetate in volatile oil from Chrysanthemum morifolium. zhongcaoyao, 2006, p. 1352–1353. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Camphor

Composition #11: Wang, Jiancheng., Li, Songjian., Li, Shenheng., Niu, Hongxin., Zhou, Weidong., Long, Haibo. Research progress of effects of parthenolide on oxidation stress. zhongyao xinyao yu linchuang yaoli, 2012, p. 595–598. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

parthenolide (RF-00003531-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Parthenolide

Composition #12: Nguyen Thi Luyen., Le Hoang Tram., Tran Thi Hong Hanh., Pham Thanh Binh., Nguyen Hai Dang., Chau Van Minh., Nguyen Tien Dat. Inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase and lipase from Chrysanthemum morifolium . phytochemistry letters, 2013, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 322–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2013.03.015. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Sesquiterpene lactones (RF-00004319-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sesquiterpene lactones

Endpoint study #1: Nguyen Thi Luyen., Le Hoang Tram., Tran Thi Hong Hanh., Pham Thanh Binh., Nguyen Hai Dang., Chau Van Minh., Nguyen Tien Dat. Inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase and lipase from Chrysanthemum morifolium . phytochemistry letters, 2013, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 322–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2013.03.015. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Acacetin 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside Acacetin 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (RF-00011483-PAR)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

MeOH
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

327.4-397.6
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

a-Glucosidase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

a-Glucosidase inhibition

Endpoint study #2: Nguyen Thi Luyen., Le Hoang Tram., Tran Thi Hong Hanh., Pham Thanh Binh., Nguyen Hai Dang., Chau Van Minh., Nguyen Tien Dat. Inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase and lipase from Chrysanthemum morifolium . phytochemistry letters, 2013, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 322–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2013.03.015. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Eriodictyol Eriodictyol (RF-00010855-PAR)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

MeOH
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

291.3-345.1
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

a-amylase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

a-amylase inhibition

Endpoint study #3: Nguyen Thi Luyen., Le Hoang Tram., Tran Thi Hong Hanh., Pham Thanh Binh., Nguyen Hai Dang., Chau Van Minh., Nguyen Tien Dat. Inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase and lipase from Chrysanthemum morifolium . phytochemistry letters, 2013, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 322–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2013.03.015. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Acacetin 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside Acacetin 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (RF-00011483-PAR)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

MeOH
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

690.8-774
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

a-amylase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

a-amylase inhibition