EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc.

Family:: Rubiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 37
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: merilactone #2: chiococcasaponins #3: Quinoline alkaloids #4: Matairesinol #5: 5,7,4’- trimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin

Endpoint Studies

#1: hypoactivity, ataxia and lethargy #2: peritoneal membrane irritation, extensive adherence of diaphragm and mesentery to peritoneal cavity organs #3: granulation tissue on the outer surface of liver #4: granulation tissue on the outer surface of kidneys

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Borges-Argaez, R., Medina-Baizabal, L., May-Pat, F., Waterman, PG., Pena-Rodriguez, LM. Merilactone, an unusual C-19 metabolite from the root extract of Chiococca alba. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 2001, vol. 64, no. 2, p. 228–231. DOI: 10.1021/np000139n. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

merilactone (RF-00011345-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

merilactone

Composition #2: Borges, Ricardo Moreira., Valenca, Samuel Santos., Lopes, Alan Aguiar., Barbi, Nancy dos Santos., Ribeiro da Silva, Antonio Jorge. Saponins from the roots of Chiococca alba and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS, 2013, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 96–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2012.11.006. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Chiococcasaponins (RF-00010817-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

H and C NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

chiococcasaponins

Composition #3: KITAHARA, Y., SHIMIZU, M., KUBO, A. SYNTHESIS OF NEW QUINOLINE ALKALOIDS OF CHIOCOCCA-ALBA. HETEROCYCLES, 1990, vol. 31, no. 11, p. 2085–2090. .

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

Quinoline alkaloids (RF-00004326-PAR)
Additional substance description:

2 different
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Quinoline alkaloids

Composition #4: ELHAFIZ, MAA., WENIGER, B., QUIRION, JC., ANTON, R. KETOALCOHOLS, LIGNANS AND COUMARINS FROM CHIOCOCCA-ALBA. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 1991, vol. 30, no. 6, p. 2029–2031. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

matairesinol (RF-00000331-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Matairesinol

Composition #5: ELHAFIZ, MAA., WENIGER, B., QUIRION, JC., ANTON, R. KETOALCOHOLS, LIGNANS AND COUMARINS FROM CHIOCOCCA-ALBA. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 1991, vol. 30, no. 6, p. 2029–2031. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

5,7,4'-Trimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

5,7,4’- trimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin

Endpoint study #1: Gazda, VE., Gomes-Carneiro, MR., Barbi, NS., Paumgartten, FJR. Toxicological evaluation of an ethanolic extract from Chiococca alba roots. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 2006, vol. 105, no. 1-2, p. 187–195. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.017. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Ethanol extraction
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

14.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

225-2000
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

hypoactivity, ataxia and lethargy
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

hypoactivity, ataxia and lethargy

Endpoint study #2: Gazda, VE., Gomes-Carneiro, MR., Barbi, NS., Paumgartten, FJR. Toxicological evaluation of an ethanolic extract from Chiococca alba roots. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 2006, vol. 105, no. 1-2, p. 187–195. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.017. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Ethanol extraction
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

225-2000
Critical effect:

IRRITATION (TOX11A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

peritoneal membrane irritation, extensive adherence of diaphragm and mesentery to peritoneal cavity organs.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

peritoneal membrane irritation, extensive adherence of diaphragm and mesentery to peritoneal cavity organs

Endpoint study #3: Gazda, VE., Gomes-Carneiro, MR., Barbi, NS., Paumgartten, FJR. Toxicological evaluation of an ethanolic extract from Chiococca alba roots. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 2006, vol. 105, no. 1-2, p. 187–195. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.017. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Ethanol extraction
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

225-2000
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

granulation tissue on the outer surface of liver
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

granulation tissue on the outer surface of liver

Endpoint study #4: Gazda, VE., Gomes-Carneiro, MR., Barbi, NS., Paumgartten, FJR. Toxicological evaluation of an ethanolic extract from Chiococca alba roots. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 2006, vol. 105, no. 1-2, p. 187–195. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.017. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Ethanol extraction
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

225-2000
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

granulation tissue on the outer surface of kidneys
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

granulation tissue on the outer surface of kidneys