EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Kapok (as plant) // Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.

Family:: Malvaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 594
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Malvalic acid #2: Sterculic acid #3: Tannins (condensed) #4: vavain

Endpoint Studies

#1: mortality #2: Histopathological changes with fatty infiltration in liver

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Mondal, B. Physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid composition and nutritional evaluation of four minor oils. journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences, 2015, p. 301–305. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

Pet. Ether Solvent for extraction, soxhelt appratus.
Substance:

malvalic acid malvalic acid (RF-00010853-PAR)
Additional substance description:

cyclopropenoid fatty acid
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Fat weight (B003A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.5
Internal remarks:

Malvalic acid

Composition #2: Mondal, B. Physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid composition and nutritional evaluation of four minor oils. journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences, 2015, p. 301–305. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

Pet. Ether Solvent for extraction, soxhelt appratus.
Substance:

sterculic acid sterculic acid (RF-00010848-PAR)
Additional substance description:

cyclopropenoid fatty acid
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Fat weight (B003A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.1
Internal remarks:

Sterculic acid

Composition #3: Kongmanila, D., Ledin, I. Chemical composition of some tropical foliage species and their intake and digestibility by goats. asian-australasian journal of animal sciences, 2009, vol. 22, no. 6, p. 803–811. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

total condensed tannins
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

108
Internal remarks:

Tannins (condensed)

Composition #4: Ueda, H., Kaneda, N., Kawanishi, K., Alves, SM., Moriyasu, M. A new isoflavone glycoside from Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertner. CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, 2002, vol. 50, no. 3, p. 403–404. DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.403. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

vavain
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

vavain

Endpoint study #1: Kadirvel, R., Natanam, R., Udayasurian, K. Use of kapok as a poultry feed. Poultry Science, 1986, p. 2363–2365. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

mechanical extraction
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Gallus gallus (chicken) (as animal) (A057Z)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

10.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

150
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

>20
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

mortality recorded at 20% was 65%; At 30 and 40% addition, 100% mortality by the 10th day of the experiment
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality

Endpoint study #2: Mondal, B. Physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid composition and nutritional evaluation of four minor oils. journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences, 2015, p. 301–305. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

refined seed oil containing cyclopropenoid fatty acids
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

12.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

12
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

10
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Histopathological changes with fatty infiltration in liver, increased liver weight
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Histopathological changes with fatty infiltration in liver