EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L.Andersson // Cephaelis acuminata H.Karst // Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A.Rich.

Family:: Rubiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 747
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

Endpoint Studies

#1: A patient with anorexia nervosa developed a fatal cardiomyopathy due to ipecac intoxication #2: Cardiac irregularities #3: irritation of gastro-intestinal tract - earlier vomiting #4: later vomiting induced by central effect - CNS #5: Left ventricular dysfunction

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Gordon G. Ipecacuahana induced emesis in the treatment of self-poisoned adults. archives of emergency medicine, 1985, p. 203–208. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

Ipecacuanha Syrup
Substance:

emetine (RF-00004287-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

emetine

Composition #2: Gordon G. Ipecacuahana induced emesis in the treatment of self-poisoned adults. archives of emergency medicine, 1985, p. 203–208. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

Ipecacuahana Syrup
Substance:

cephaeline (RF-00004199-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cephaeline

Composition #3: Ho P C., Dweik R., Cohen M C. Rapidly reversible cardiomyopathy associated with chronic ipecac ingestion. clinical cardiology, 1998, p. 780–783. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Substance:

emetine (RF-00004287-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Ipecacuanha syrup
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

emetine

Endpoint study #1: Friedman E J. Death from ipecac intoxication in a patient with anorexia nervosa. the american journal of psychiatry, 1984, p. 702–703. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

emetine (RF-00004287-PAR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Ipecacuanha syrup
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

3.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram (G148A)
Effect concentration:

1.25
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

A patient with anorexia nervosa developed a fatal cardiomyopathy due to ipecac intoxication
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

A patient with anorexia nervosa developed a fatal cardiomyopathy due to ipecac intoxication

Endpoint study #2: Gordon G. Ipecacuahana induced emesis in the treatment of self-poisoned adults. archives of emergency medicine, 1985, p. 203–208. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

emetine (RF-00004287-PAR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Ipecacuanha Syrup
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Millilitre (G156A)
Effect concentration:

90
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

cardiac irregularities
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac irregularities

Endpoint study #3: Gordon G. Ipecacuahana induced emesis in the treatment of self-poisoned adults. archives of emergency medicine, 1985, p. 203–208. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Additional plant/substance description:

Ipecacuanha Syrup
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

30.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Minute (G074A)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

irritation of gastro-intestinal tract - vomiting
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

irritation of gastro-intestinal tract - earlier vomiting

Endpoint study #4: Gordon G. Ipecacuahana induced emesis in the treatment of self-poisoned adults. archives of emergency medicine, 1985, p. 203–208. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Additional plant/substance description:

Ipecacuanha Syrup
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

30.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Minute (G074A)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

central emetic action on the chemo-receptor trigger zone in modula, neurotoxicity - later vomiting indused by central effect
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

later vomiting induced by central effect - CNS

Endpoint study #5: Ho P C., Dweik R., Cohen M C. Rapidly reversible cardiomyopathy associated with chronic ipecac ingestion. clinical cardiology, 1998, p. 780–783. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

emetine (RF-00004287-PAR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Ipecacuanha Syrup
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

5.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Month (G206A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Effect concentration:

21
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

Left ventricular dysfunction - patient with anorexia and bulimia nervosa
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Left ventricular dysfunction