EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Jack bean (as plant) // Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1990
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR) #2: Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR) #3: Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR) #4: Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR) #5: (erucic acid) (RF-00000249-NTR) #6: Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR) #7: Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR) #8: phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR) #9: Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR) #10: Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR) #11: Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR) #12: Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG) #13: Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)

Endpoint Studies

#1: trypsin inhibitors - reduce protein digestibility, cause pancreatic hypertrophy #2: chymotrypsin inhibitors - reduce protein digestibility, cause pancreatic hypertrophy #3: concanavalin A - negativ affectation of nutrient utilization #4: trypsin inhibitor activity #5: chymotrypsin inhibitor activity #6: trypsin inhibitor activity #7: amylase inhibitor activity #8: reduced growth

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Udedibie, ABI., Carlini, CR. Questions and answers to edibility problem of the Canavalia ensiformis seeds - A review. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1998, vol. 74, no. 2, p. 95–106. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00141-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)

Composition #2: Udedibie, ABI., Carlini, CR. Questions and answers to edibility problem of the Canavalia ensiformis seeds - A review. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1998, vol. 74, no. 2, p. 95–106. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00141-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)

Composition #3: Udedibie, ABI., Carlini, CR. Questions and answers to edibility problem of the Canavalia ensiformis seeds - A review. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1998, vol. 74, no. 2, p. 95–106. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00141-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)

Composition #4: Udedibie, ABI., Carlini, CR. Questions and answers to edibility problem of the Canavalia ensiformis seeds - A review. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1998, vol. 74, no. 2, p. 95–106. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00141-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

50
Internal remarks:

Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)

Composition #5: Siddhuraju, P., Becker, K. Species/variety differences in biochemical composition and nutritional value of Indian tribal legumes of the genus Canavalia. NAHRUNG-FOOD, 2001, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 224–233. DOI: 10.1002/1521-3803(20010801)45:4<224::AID-FOOD224>3.0.CO;2-V. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

lipid extraction, purification
Substance:

Erucic acid (RF-00000249-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.18
Internal remarks:

(erucic acid) (RF-00000249-NTR)

Composition #6: Siddhuraju, P., Becker, K. Species/variety differences in biochemical composition and nutritional value of Indian tribal legumes of the genus Canavalia. NAHRUNG-FOOD, 2001, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 224–233. DOI: 10.1002/1521-3803(20010801)45:4<224::AID-FOOD224>3.0.CO;2-V. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.571
Internal remarks:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)

Composition #7: Siddhuraju, P., Becker, K. Species/variety differences in biochemical composition and nutritional value of Indian tribal legumes of the genus Canavalia. NAHRUNG-FOOD, 2001, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 224–233. DOI: 10.1002/1521-3803(20010801)45:4<224::AID-FOOD224>3.0.CO;2-V. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.864
Internal remarks:

Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)

Composition #8: Siddhuraju, P., Becker, K. Species/variety differences in biochemical composition and nutritional value of Indian tribal legumes of the genus Canavalia. NAHRUNG-FOOD, 2001, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 224–233. DOI: 10.1002/1521-3803(20010801)45:4<224::AID-FOOD224>3.0.CO;2-V. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.092
Internal remarks:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)

Composition #9: Sasipriya, Gopalakrishnan., Siddhuraju, Perumal. Evaluation of growth performance, serum biochemistry and haematological parameters on broiler birds fed with raw and processed samples of Entada scandens, Canavalia gladiata and Canavalia ensiformis seed meal as an alternative protein source. TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION, 2013, vol. 45, no. 3, p. 811–820. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0293-z. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.8
Internal remarks:

Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)

Composition #10: Sasipriya, Gopalakrishnan., Siddhuraju, Perumal. Evaluation of growth performance, serum biochemistry and haematological parameters on broiler birds fed with raw and processed samples of Entada scandens, Canavalia gladiata and Canavalia ensiformis seed meal as an alternative protein source. TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION, 2013, vol. 45, no. 3, p. 811–820. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0293-z. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02
Internal remarks:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)

Composition #11: Sasipriya, Gopalakrishnan., Siddhuraju, Perumal. Evaluation of growth performance, serum biochemistry and haematological parameters on broiler birds fed with raw and processed samples of Entada scandens, Canavalia gladiata and Canavalia ensiformis seed meal as an alternative protein source. TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION, 2013, vol. 45, no. 3, p. 811–820. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0293-z. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Substance used for equivalence:

tannic acid (RF-00004069-PAR)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.09
Internal remarks:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)

Composition #12: DMELLO, JPF. CHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS TO THE USE OF TROPICAL LEGUMES IN ANIMAL NUTRITION. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1992, vol. 38, no. 2-3, p. 237–261. DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(92)90105-F. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)

Composition #13: DMELLO, JPF. CHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS TO THE USE OF TROPICAL LEGUMES IN ANIMAL NUTRITION. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1992, vol. 38, no. 2-3, p. 237–261. DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(92)90105-F. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

51
Internal remarks:

Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)

Endpoint study #1: Udedibie, ABI., Carlini, CR. Questions and answers to edibility problem of the Canavalia ensiformis seeds - A review. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1998, vol. 74, no. 2, p. 95–106. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00141-2. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

trypsin inhibitors
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

trypsin inhibitors - reduce protein digestibility, cause pancreatic hypertrophy

Endpoint study #2: Udedibie, ABI., Carlini, CR. Questions and answers to edibility problem of the Canavalia ensiformis seeds - A review. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1998, vol. 74, no. 2, p. 95–106. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00141-2. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

chymotrypsin inhibitors - reduce protein digestibility, cause pancreatic hypertrophy
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

chymotrypsin inhibitors - reduce protein digestibility, cause pancreatic hypertrophy

Endpoint study #3: Udedibie, ABI., Carlini, CR. Questions and answers to edibility problem of the Canavalia ensiformis seeds - A review. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1998, vol. 74, no. 2, p. 95–106. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00141-2. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

negativ affectation of nutrient utilization
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

food efficiency (CHD021BE)
Internal remarks:

concanavalin A - negativ affectation of nutrient utilization

Endpoint study #4: Siddhuraju, P., Becker, K. Species/variety differences in biochemical composition and nutritional value of Indian tribal legumes of the genus Canavalia. NAHRUNG-FOOD, 2001, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 224–233. DOI: 10.1002/1521-3803(20010801)45:4<224::AID-FOOD224>3.0.CO;2-V. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Effect concentration:

5.74
Effect description:

trypsin inhibitor activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

trypsin inhibitor activity

Endpoint study #5: Siddhuraju, P., Becker, K. Species/variety differences in biochemical composition and nutritional value of Indian tribal legumes of the genus Canavalia. NAHRUNG-FOOD, 2001, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 224–233. DOI: 10.1002/1521-3803(20010801)45:4<224::AID-FOOD224>3.0.CO;2-V. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Effect concentration:

1.26
Effect description:

chymotrypsin inhibitor activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

chymotrypsin inhibitor activity

Endpoint study #6: Sasipriya, Gopalakrishnan., Siddhuraju, Perumal. Evaluation of growth performance, serum biochemistry and haematological parameters on broiler birds fed with raw and processed samples of Entada scandens, Canavalia gladiata and Canavalia ensiformis seed meal as an alternative protein source. TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION, 2013, vol. 45, no. 3, p. 811–820. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0293-z. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Effect concentration:

0.02
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Effect description:

trypsin inhibitor activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

trypsin inhibitor activity

Endpoint study #7: Sasipriya, Gopalakrishnan., Siddhuraju, Perumal. Evaluation of growth performance, serum biochemistry and haematological parameters on broiler birds fed with raw and processed samples of Entada scandens, Canavalia gladiata and Canavalia ensiformis seed meal as an alternative protein source. TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION, 2013, vol. 45, no. 3, p. 811–820. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0293-z. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Unit (G005A)
Effect concentration:

5
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Effect description:

amylase inhibitor activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

amylase inhibitor activity

Endpoint study #8: DMELLO, JPF. CHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS TO THE USE OF TROPICAL LEGUMES IN ANIMAL NUTRITION. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1992, vol. 38, no. 2-3, p. 237–261. DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(92)90105-F. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Canavanine (RF-00003991-PAR)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Effect description:

reduced growth
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

growth (CHD009BE)
Internal remarks:

reduced growth