EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Bombax ceiba L.

Family:: Malvaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 438
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: bombalin (norneolignan) #2: bombasin (norneolignan) #3: bombasin 4-O-b-glucoside (norneolignan) #4: Limettin (coumarin) #5: scopolin (coumarin) #6: scopoletin (coumarin) #7: fraxetin (coumarin) #8: esculetin (coumarin)

Endpoint Studies

#1: Methanolic extract of B. ceiba caused diuresis, #2: Methanolic extract of B. ceiba caused palpebral ptosis, and decrease in motor activity #3: Three of mice died as a result of oral administration of Methanolic extract of defatted stem bark at 1000 mg/kg/d, showed 67% increase in weight as compared to control liver. Colour of liver got fade and light yellow patches were clearly seen.

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Wu, Jun., Zhang, Xiao-Hui., Zhang, Shu-Wei., Xuan, Li-Jiang. Three novel compounds from the flowers of Bombax malabaricum. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2008, p. 136–143. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

bombalin (RF-00011416-PAR)
Additional substance description:
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, IR, HMQC, H-COSY, HMBC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

bombalin (norneolignan)

Composition #2: Wu, Jun., Zhang, Xiao-Hui., Zhang, Shu-Wei., Xuan, Li-Jiang. Three novel compounds from the flowers of Bombax malabaricum. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2008, p. 136–143. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

bombasin (RF-00011417-PAR)
Additional substance description:
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, IR, HMQC, H-COSY, HMBC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

bombasin (norneolignan)

Composition #3: Wu, Jun., Zhang, Xiao-Hui., Zhang, Shu-Wei., Xuan, Li-Jiang. Three novel compounds from the flowers of Bombax malabaricum. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2008, p. 136–143. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

neolignans (RF-00004386-PAR)
Additional substance description:

bombasin-4-O-beta-glucoside
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, IR, HMQC, H-COSY, HMBC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

bombasin 4-O-b-glucoside (norneolignan)

Composition #4: Wang, Guo-kai., Lin, Bin-bin., Liu, Xin-xin., Shen, Ya-jun., Qin, Min-jian. Phonemic constituents from the leaves of Bombax malabaricum. tianran chanwu yanjiu yu kaifa, 2012, p. 336–338. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

limettin (RF-00011371-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Limettin (coumarin)

Composition #5: Joshi, Khem Raj., Devkota, Hari Prasad., Yahara, Shoji. Chemical Analysis of Flowers of Bombax ceiba from Nepal. NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS, 2013, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 583–584. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Scopolin (RF-00010995-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

scopolin (coumarin)

Composition #6: Joshi, Khem Raj., Devkota, Hari Prasad., Yahara, Shoji. Chemical Analysis of Flowers of Bombax ceiba from Nepal. NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS, 2013, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 583–584. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

scopoletin (coumarin)

Composition #7: Joshi, Khem Raj., Devkota, Hari Prasad., Yahara, Shoji. Chemical Analysis of Flowers of Bombax ceiba from Nepal. NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS, 2013, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 583–584. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Fraxetin (RF-00010996-PAR)
Additional substance description:

fraxetin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

fraxetin (coumarin)

Composition #8: Joshi, Khem Raj., Devkota, Hari Prasad., Yahara, Shoji. Chemical Analysis of Flowers of Bombax ceiba from Nepal. NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS, 2013, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 583–584. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Esculetin (RF-00003667-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

esculetin (coumarin)

Endpoint study #1: Saleem, R., Ahmad, M., Hussain, SA., Qazi, AM., Ahmad, SI., Qazi, MH., Ali, M., Faizi, S., Akhtar, S., Husnain, SN. Hypotensive, hypoglycaemic and toxicological studies on the flavonol C-glycoside shamimin from Bombax ceiba. PLANTA MEDICA, 1999, vol. 65, no. 4, p. 331–334. DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-14060. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

7.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

1
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

Methanolic extract of B. ceiba caused diuresis
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Methanolic extract of B. ceiba caused diuresis,

Endpoint study #2: Saleem, R., Ahmad, M., Hussain, SA., Qazi, AM., Ahmad, SI., Qazi, MH., Ali, M., Faizi, S., Akhtar, S., Husnain, SN. Hypotensive, hypoglycaemic and toxicological studies on the flavonol C-glycoside shamimin from Bombax ceiba. PLANTA MEDICA, 1999, vol. 65, no. 4, p. 331–334. DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-14060. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

7.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

1
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

Methanolic extract of B. ceiba caused palpebral ptosis, and decrease in motor activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

Methanolic extract of B. ceiba caused palpebral ptosis, and decrease in motor activity

Endpoint study #3: Saleem, R., Ahmad, SI., Ahmed, M., Faizi, Z., Zikr-ur-Rehman, S., Ali, M., Faizi, S. Hypotensive activity and toxicology of constituents from Bombax ceiba stem bark. BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, 2003, vol. 26, no. 1, p. 41–46. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.41. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol extract
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

7.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

1000
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Three of mice died as a result of oral administration of Methanolic extract of defatted stem bark at 1000 mg/kg/d, showed 67% increase in weight as compared to control liver. Colour of liver got fade and light yellow patches were clearly seen
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Three of mice died as a result of oral administration of Methanolic extract of defatted stem bark at 1000 mg/kg/d, showed 67% increase in weight as compared to control liver. Colour of liver got fade and light yellow patches were clearly seen.