EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

Family:: Betulaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 120
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

Endpoint Studies

#1: decrease in number of sperm #2: inhibition of α-glucosidase activity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Nguyen, Xuan Dung., La, Dinh Moi., Leclercq, Piet A. Constituents of the bark oil of Betula alnoides Ham ex. D. Don from Vietnam. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 1995, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 565–566. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

methyl salicylate (RF-00003930-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

99.4
Internal remarks:

Methyl salicylate

Endpoint study #1: Wanichacheewa, S., Singtripop, T., Sassa, S., Sakamoto, S., Mori, T. Decrease in the number of sperm associated with decreased blood testosterone levels in male rats treated with extracts from seven plants consumed by natives of northern Thailand. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2001, vol. 10, no. 1-2, p. 1–4. DOI: 10.1016/S1382-6689(00)00071-5. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

95% alcohol
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

50.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/millilitre (G017A)
Effect concentration:

0.5
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

decrease in number of sperm
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

decrease in number of sperm

Endpoint study #2: Ghimire, Bimal Kumar., Tamang, Jyoti Prakash., Yu, Chang Yeon., Jung, Suk Jun., Chung, Ill Min. Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity by Betula alnoides Buch. bark extract and their relationship with polyphenolic compounds concentration. IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY, 2012, vol. 34, no. 5, p. 824–831. DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.661739. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

80.28-98.46
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

inhibition of α-glucosidase activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

inhibition of α-glucosidase activity