EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb.

Family:: Saxifragaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 120
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Saponins #2: Alkaloids #3: Gallic acid #4: Saponins #5: Cardiac glycosides #6: Tannins

Endpoint Studies

#1: alpha glucosidase inhibition (maltase) #2: alpha amylase inhibition #3: alpha glucosidase inhibition (maltase)-3-O-galloylepicatechin #4: alpha glucosidase inhibition (sucrase) #5: alpha amylase inhibition 3-O-galloylepicatechin #6: alpha glucosidase inhibition (sucrase)-3-O-galloylepicatechin #7: alpha glucosidase inhibition (sucrase)-3-O-galloylcatechin #8: alpha glucosidase inhibition (maltase)-3-O-galloylcatechin #9: alpha amylase inhibition 3-O-galloylcatechin

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Bashir, Q., Rafiq, S.K., Hai, A., Khan, N.A., Sheikh, B.A. Evaluation of the chemical composition of Berginia ciliata a medicinal plants of Kashmir Valley, India. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 2011, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 377–379. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.0019
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #2: Bashir, Q., Rafiq, S.K., Hai, A., Khan, N.A., Sheikh, B.A. Evaluation of the chemical composition of Berginia ciliata a medicinal plants of Kashmir Valley, India. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 2011, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 377–379. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

Unspecified
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.0154
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #3: Chauhan, R., Ruby, K.M., Dwivedi, J. Secondary metabolites found in Bergenia species: A compendious review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 9–16. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid

Composition #4: Ullah, Nazif., Ihsan-ul Haq., Mirza, Bushra. Phytotoxicity evaluation and phytochemical analysis of three medicinally important plants from Pakistan. TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH, 2015, vol. 31, no. 5, p. 389–395. DOI: 10.1177/0748233712472527. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #5: Ullah, Nazif., Ihsan-ul Haq., Mirza, Bushra. Phytotoxicity evaluation and phytochemical analysis of three medicinally important plants from Pakistan. TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH, 2015, vol. 31, no. 5, p. 389–395. DOI: 10.1177/0748233712472527. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides

Composition #6: Ullah, Nazif., Ihsan-ul Haq., Mirza, Bushra. Phytotoxicity evaluation and phytochemical analysis of three medicinally important plants from Pakistan. TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH, 2015, vol. 31, no. 5, p. 389–395. DOI: 10.1177/0748233712472527. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Endpoint study #1: Bhandari, Megh Raj., Jong-Anurakkun, Nilubon., Hong, Gao., Kawabata, Jun. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2008, vol. 106, no. 1, p. 247–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

50% MeOH extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

67.2- 70
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (maltase)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (maltase)

Endpoint study #2: Bhandari, Megh Raj., Jong-Anurakkun, Nilubon., Hong, Gao., Kawabata, Jun. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2008, vol. 106, no. 1, p. 247–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

50% MeOH extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

91.4- 95.6
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha amylase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha amylase inhibition

Endpoint study #3: Bhandari, Megh Raj., Jong-Anurakkun, Nilubon., Hong, Gao., Kawabata, Jun. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2008, vol. 106, no. 1, p. 247–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Epicatechin-3-gallate (RF-00010397-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

50% MeOH extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

0.334
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (maltase)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (maltase)-3-O-galloylepicatechin

Endpoint study #4: Bhandari, Megh Raj., Jong-Anurakkun, Nilubon., Hong, Gao., Kawabata, Jun. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2008, vol. 106, no. 1, p. 247–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

50% MeOH extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

26.1- 34.3
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (sucrase)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (sucrase)

Endpoint study #5: Bhandari, Megh Raj., Jong-Anurakkun, Nilubon., Hong, Gao., Kawabata, Jun. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2008, vol. 106, no. 1, p. 247–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Epicatechin-3-gallate (RF-00010397-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

50% MeOH extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

0.739
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha amylase
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha amylase inhibition 3-O-galloylepicatechin

Endpoint study #6: Bhandari, Megh Raj., Jong-Anurakkun, Nilubon., Hong, Gao., Kawabata, Jun. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2008, vol. 106, no. 1, p. 247–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Epicatechin-3-gallate (RF-00010397-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

50% MeOH extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

0.579
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (sucrase)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (sucrase)-3-O-galloylepicatechin

Endpoint study #7: Bhandari, Megh Raj., Jong-Anurakkun, Nilubon., Hong, Gao., Kawabata, Jun. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2008, vol. 106, no. 1, p. 247–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Epicatechin-3-gallate (RF-00010397-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

50% MeOH extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

0.297
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (sucrase)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (sucrase)-3-O-galloylcatechin

Endpoint study #8: Bhandari, Megh Raj., Jong-Anurakkun, Nilubon., Hong, Gao., Kawabata, Jun. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2008, vol. 106, no. 1, p. 247–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Catechin-3-gallate (RF-00010398-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

50% MeOH extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

0.150
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (maltase)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha glucosidase inhibition (maltase)-3-O-galloylcatechin

Endpoint study #9: Bhandari, Megh Raj., Jong-Anurakkun, Nilubon., Hong, Gao., Kawabata, Jun. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2008, vol. 106, no. 1, p. 247–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Catechin-3-gallate (RF-00010398-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

50% MeOH extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

0.401
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha amylase
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha amylase inhibition 3-O-galloylcatechin