EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott // Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.

Family:: Amaranthaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1127
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: triterpene saponins #2: oxalates #3: harmine (alkaloid) #4: harman (alkaloid) #5: saponins #6: Alkaloids #7: oxalates #8: nitrates

Endpoint Studies

#1: photosensitization, neurotoxicity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Coxworth, E. C. M., Salmon, R. E. Kochia seed as a component of the diet of turkey poults. Effects of different methods of saponin removal or inactivation.. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 1972, vol. 52, no. 4, p. 721–9. DOI: 10.4141/cjas72-085. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Triterpene saponins Triterpene saponins (RF-00004338-PAR)
Substance used for equivalence:

digitonine (RF-00003777-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

16.4
Internal remarks:

triterpene saponins

Composition #2: Rahman, M. M., Abdullah, R. B., Khadijah, W. E. Wan. A review of oxalate poisoning in domestic animals: tolerance and performance aspects . journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 2013, vol. 97, no. 4, p. 605–614. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01309.x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aril (as part-nature) (A066V)
Additional extraction description:

determined in hay
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.8
Internal remarks:

oxalates

Composition #3: DROSTKARBOWSKA, K., KOWALEWSKI, Z., PHILLIPSON, JD. ISOLATION OF HARMANE AND HARMINE FROM KOCHIA-SCOPARIA. lloydia-the journal of natural products, 1978, vol. 41, no. 3, p. 289–290. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

harmine (RF-00003854-PAR)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.5
Internal remarks:

harmine (alkaloid)

Composition #4: DROSTKARBOWSKA, K., KOWALEWSKI, Z., PHILLIPSON, JD. ISOLATION OF HARMANE AND HARMINE FROM KOCHIA-SCOPARIA. lloydia-the journal of natural products, 1978, vol. 41, no. 3, p. 289–290. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

harman (RF-00003852-PAR)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.0
Internal remarks:

harman (alkaloid)

Composition #5: DICKIE, CW., JAMES, LF. KOCHIA-SCOPARIA POISONING IN CATTLE. journal of the american veterinary medical association, 1983, vol. 183, no. 7, p. 765–768. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins

Composition #6: DICKIE, CW., JAMES, LF. KOCHIA-SCOPARIA POISONING IN CATTLE. journal of the american veterinary medical association, 1983, vol. 183, no. 7, p. 765–768. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #7: DICKIE, CW., JAMES, LF. KOCHIA-SCOPARIA POISONING IN CATTLE. journal of the american veterinary medical association, 1983, vol. 183, no. 7, p. 765–768. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

oxalates

Composition #8: DICKIE, CW., JAMES, LF. KOCHIA-SCOPARIA POISONING IN CATTLE. journal of the american veterinary medical association, 1983, vol. 183, no. 7, p. 765–768. .

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

nitrates nitrates (RF-00011480-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

nitrates

Endpoint study #1: DICKIE, CW., JAMES, LF. KOCHIA-SCOPARIA POISONING IN CATTLE. journal of the american veterinary medical association, 1983, vol. 183, no. 7, p. 765–768. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

6.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Month (G206A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Brain (TT034A)
Effect description:

photosensitization, a syndrome of progressive central nervous system dysfunction, blindness, gastrointestinal disorders, and jaundice
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

photosensitization, neurotoxicity