EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Atropa belladonna L.

Family:: Solanaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2008
Number of processed references:: 9

Compositions

#1: tropine (leaves) #2: apoatropine (leaves) #3: hyoscyamine (leaves) #4: scopolamine (leaves) #5: cuscohygrine (unspecified plant part) #6: atropine (root) #7: scopolamine (root) #8: alkaloids (e.g. hyoscyamine) (flower) #9: Scopolamine #10: Atropine

Endpoint Studies

#1: Case study #2: A case of intoxication with Atropa belladona in a child. #3: Poisoning from Atropa belladonna fruit in adults #4: Anticholinergic syndrome in grown-up by ingestion of 8-10 berries #5: symptoms of acute Atropa belladonna intoxication in 49 children. #6: Atropa belladonna L. poisoning with acute subdural hematoma in one patient (of 9)

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Paul, Rita., Datta, K. Animesh. An updated overview on Atropa belladonna L.. international research journal of pharmacy, 2011, vol. 2, no. 11, p. 11–17. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

tropine (RF-00004093-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tropine (leaves)

Composition #2: Paul, Rita., Datta, K. Animesh. An updated overview on Atropa belladonna L.. international research journal of pharmacy, 2011, vol. 2, no. 11, p. 11–17. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Apoatropine (RF-00004697-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

apoatropine (leaves)

Composition #3: Paul, Rita., Datta, K. Animesh. An updated overview on Atropa belladonna L.. international research journal of pharmacy, 2011, vol. 2, no. 11, p. 11–17. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Hyoscyamine (RF-00000247-TOX)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

hyoscyamine (leaves)

Composition #4: Paul, Rita., Datta, K. Animesh. An updated overview on Atropa belladonna L.. international research journal of pharmacy, 2011, vol. 2, no. 11, p. 11–17. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

scopolamine (leaves)

Composition #5: Paul, Rita., Datta, K. Animesh. An updated overview on Atropa belladonna L.. international research journal of pharmacy, 2011, vol. 2, no. 11, p. 11–17. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

cuscohygrine (RF-00003758-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cuscohygrine (unspecified plant part)

Composition #6: Paul, Rita., Datta, K. Animesh. An updated overview on Atropa belladonna L.. international research journal of pharmacy, 2011, vol. 2, no. 11, p. 11–17. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

atropine (root)

Composition #7: Paul, Rita., Datta, K. Animesh. An updated overview on Atropa belladonna L.. international research journal of pharmacy, 2011, vol. 2, no. 11, p. 11–17. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

scopolamine (root)

Composition #8: Detzel, A., Wink, M. Attraction, deterrence or intoxication of bees (Apis mellifera) by plant allelochemicals. Chemoecology, 1993, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 8–18. DOI: 10.1007/BF01245891. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acid water,
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

e.g. hyoscyamine and others
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1200
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (e.g. hyoscyamine) (flower)

Composition #9: Godara, R., Katoch, M., Katoch, R., Yadav, Anish., Parveen, S., Vij, Bhavna., Khajuria, Varun., Singh, G., Singh, Nirbhay K. In vitro acaricidal activity of Atropa belladonna and its components, scopolamine and atropine, against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2014, vol. 2014, p. 713170–713170. DOI: 10.1155/2014/713170. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9
Internal remarks:

Scopolamine

Composition #10: Godara, R., Katoch, M., Katoch, R., Yadav, Anish., Parveen, S., Vij, Bhavna., Khajuria, Varun., Singh, G., Singh, Nirbhay K. In vitro acaricidal activity of Atropa belladonna and its components, scopolamine and atropine, against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2014, vol. 2014, p. 713170–713170. DOI: 10.1155/2014/713170. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2
Internal remarks:

Atropine

Endpoint study #1: Ceha, L. J., Presperin, C., Young, E., Allswede, M., Erickson, T. Anticholinergic toxicity from nightshade berry poisoning responsive to physostigmine. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1997, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 65–69. DOI: 10.1016/S0736-4679(96)00244-2. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

Case study
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

Case study

Endpoint study #2: Berdai, Mohamed Adnane., Labib, Smael., Chetouani, Khadija., Harandou, Mustapha. Atropa belladonna intoxication: a case report.. The Pan African medical journal, 2012, vol. 11, p. 72–72. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

A case of intoxication with Atropa Belladona in a child.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

A case of intoxication with Atropa belladona in a child.

Endpoint study #3: Southgate, HJ., Egerton, M., Dauncey, EA. Lessons to be learned: a case study approach Unseasonal severe poisoning of two adults by deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna). JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF HEALTH, 2000, vol. 120, no. 2, p. 127–130. DOI: 10.1177/146642400012000212. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Thermal treatment (heating for preservation) (A07HR)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

Poisoning from Atropa belladonna in adults, atropin level whole blood >100 mikrog/L
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

Poisoning from Atropa belladonna fruit in adults

Endpoint study #4: Heindl, S., Binder, C., Desel, H., Matthies, U., Lojewski, I., Bandelow, B., Kahl, GF., Chemnitius, JM. Confusion and excitability of initially undetermined cause in the course of poisoning with deadly nightshade in attempted suicide: symptoms, differential diagnosis, toxicology and physostigmine treatment of an anticholinergic syndrome. DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT, 2000, vol. 125, no. 45, p. 1361–1365. DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-8178. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Female
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Piece (G133A)
Effect concentration:

8-10
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

anticholinergic syndrome in grown-up by 8-10 berries
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

Anticholinergic syndrome in grown-up by ingestion of 8-10 berries

Endpoint study #5: Caksen, H., Odabas, D., Akbayram, S., Cesur, Y., Arslan, S., Uner, A., Oner, AF. Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) intoxication: an analysis of 49 children. HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, 2003, vol. 22, no. 12, p. 665–668. DOI: 10.1191/0960327103ht404oa. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

43
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

Results showed that the initial signs and symptoms of acute deadly nightshade intoxication might be severe in some children, but no permanent sequel and death were seen in children.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

symptoms of acute Atropa belladonna intoxication in 49 children.

Endpoint study #6: Cikla, Ulas., Turkmen, Suha., Karaca, Yunus., Ayaz, Ahmet Faik., Turedi, Suleyman., Gunduz, Abdulkadir. An Atropa belladonna L. poisoning with acute subdural hematoma. HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, 2011, vol. 30, no. 12, p. 1998–2001. DOI: 10.1177/0960327111407225. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

9
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Brain (TT034A)
Effect description:

Atropa belladonna L. poisoning with acute subdural hematoma in one patient
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

Atropa belladonna L. poisoning with acute subdural hematoma in one patient (of 9)