EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Asparagus racemosus Willd.

Family:: Asparagaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 866
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: steroidal saponins (shatavarin I-IV) (whole plant) #2: racemosol (root) #3: tannin #4: saponins (root, quantified) #5: racemosol (root) #6: saponins (seed, quantified) #7: steroidal saponins (racemoside A) fruit #8: pyrrolizidine alkaloids (asparagamine) #9: protodioscin (root) #10: saponins (asparanins, dioscin)

Endpoint Studies

#1: Methanolic extract of A racemosus root induced resorption of fetuses and retarded growth of pups (exposure 60 days pre-mating (male+female) continuing (female) during part of pregnancy (18d) or until partum (21-22 d) #2: diuretic activity of aqueous extract

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Chawla, Amit., Chawla, Payal., Mangalesh., Roy, R. C. Asparagus racemosus (Willd): biological activities & its active principles.. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 113–120. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

steroidal saponins (RF-00010818-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Shatavarin I-IV
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

steroidal saponins (shatavarin I-IV) (whole plant)

Composition #2: Chawla, Amit., Chawla, Payal., Mangalesh., Roy, R. C. Asparagus racemosus (Willd): biological activities & its active principles.. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 113–120. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

racemosol (RF-00011288-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

racemosol (root)

Composition #3: Chawla, Amit., Chawla, Payal., Mangalesh., Roy, R. C. Asparagus racemosus (Willd): biological activities & its active principles.. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 113–120. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannin

Composition #4: Singh, Akansha., Sinha, B. Asparagus racemosus and its phytoconstituents; an updated review.. asian journal of biochemical and pharmaceutical research, 2014, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 230–240. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4-5.4
Internal remarks:

saponins (root, quantified)

Composition #5: Singh, Akansha., Sinha, B. Asparagus racemosus and its phytoconstituents; an updated review.. asian journal of biochemical and pharmaceutical research, 2014, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 230–240. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Substance:

racemosol (RF-00011288-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

racemosol (root)

Composition #6: Singh, Akansha., Sinha, B. Asparagus racemosus and its phytoconstituents; an updated review.. asian journal of biochemical and pharmaceutical research, 2014, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 230–240. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Substance used for equivalence:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.6-15
Internal remarks:

saponins (seed, quantified)

Composition #7: Dutta, Avijit., Ghoshal, Angana., Mandal, Debayan., Mondal, Nirup B., Banerjee, Sukdeb., Sahu, Niranjan P., Mandal, Chitra. Racemoside A, an anti-leishmanial, water-soluble, natural steroidal saponin, induces programmed cell death in Leishmania donovani. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 2007, vol. 56, no. 9, p. 1196–1204. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47114-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

steroidal saponins (RF-00010818-PAR)
Additional substance description:

racemoside A
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

C and H NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

steroidal saponins (racemoside A) fruit

Composition #8: Hussain, Shaik Abdul., Panjagari, Narender Raju., Singh, R. R. B., Patil, G. R. Potential Herbs and Herbal Nutraceuticals: Food Applications and Their Interactions with Food Components . critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2015, vol. 55, no. 1, p. 94–122. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.649148. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Substance:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
Additional substance description:

asparagamine
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

pyrrolizidine alkaloids (asparagamine)

Composition #9: Jaiswal, Yogini., Liang, Zhitao., Ho, Alan., Chen, Hubiao., Zhao, Zhongzhen. A Comparative Tissue-specific Metabolite Analysis and Determination of Protodioscin Content in Asparagus Species used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda by use of Laser Microdissection, UHPLC-QTOF/MS and LC-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 2014, vol. 25, no. 6, p. 514–528. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2522. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

protodioscin (RF-00004009-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS/MS (F027A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Reconstituted product (B007A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-1
Internal remarks:

protodioscin (root)

Composition #10: Jaiswal, Yogini., Liang, Zhitao., Ho, Alan., Chen, Hubiao., Zhao, Zhongzhen. A Comparative Tissue-specific Metabolite Analysis and Determination of Protodioscin Content in Asparagus Species used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda by use of Laser Microdissection, UHPLC-QTOF/MS and LC-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 2014, vol. 25, no. 6, p. 514–528. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2522. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

asparanin A, B9, B5; dioscin
Analytical method code:

LC-MS/MS (F027A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins (asparanins, dioscin)

Endpoint study #1: Goel, R. K., Prabha, T., Kumar, M. Mohan., Dorababu, M., Singh, Prakash., Singh, G. Teratogenicity of Asparagus racemosus Willd. root, a herbal medicine. indian journal of experimental biology, 2006, vol. 44, no. 7, p. 570–573. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

MeOH
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

CF-1 (CHD062ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

60.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

1000
Critical effect:

TERATOGENIC (TOX06A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Uterus (TT052A)
Effect description:

resorption, retarded growth of fetuses and pups
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

development (CHD006BE)
Internal remarks:

Methanolic extract of A racemosus root induced resorption of fetuses and retarded growth of pups (exposure 60 days pre-mating (male+female) continuing (female) during part of pregnancy (18d) or until partum (21-22 d)

Endpoint study #2: Kumar, M. C. Satish., Udupa, A. L., Sammodavardhana, K., Rathnakar, U. P., Shvetha, Udapa., Kodancha, G. P. Acute Toxicity and Diuretic Studies of the Roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd in Rats . west indian medical journal, 2010, vol. 59, no. 1, p. 3–6. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

aqueous extract
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

3200
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

diuretic
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

no data (CHD002BE)
Internal remarks:

diuretic activity of aqueous extract