EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.

Family:: Asparagaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 358
Number of processed references:: 9

Compositions

#1: lignans (nyasol, 4'-O-methylnyasol) (root) #2: Methyl protodioscin #3: saponins (asparacoside, asparacosin A, asparcosin B) #4: lignans (asparenydiol, nyasol, 3''-methoxynyasol) (root) #5: furostanol saponins #6: pregnane derivatives (aspacochinosides N, O, and P) (root) #7: steroidal furostan saponins (root) #8: steroidal spirostane saponins #9: carboline alkaloid (root) #10: indole alkaloid (N-methyl-2,2-ditryptamine) (root) #11: protodioscin #12: dioscin #13: methylprotodioscin

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Yang, Yan-yan., Wang, Zhe-xing. Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from the rhizome of Asparagus cochinchinensis.. shenyang yaoke daxue xuebao, 2009, vol. 26, no. 10, p. 796–799. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

nyasol, 4'-O-methylnyasol
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lignans (nyasol, 4'-O-methylnyasol) (root)

Composition #2: Lee, Ju Hee., Lim, Hun Jai., Lee, Chan Woo., Kim, Hyun Pyo., Son, Kun-Ho., Son, Jong-Keun., Lee, Sang Kook. Methyl Protodioscin from the Roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis Attenuates Airway Inflammation by Inhibiting Cytokine Production. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2015, vol. 2015, p. 640846–None. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

n-butanol
Substance:

methylprotodioscin (RF-00003934-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

C and H NMR, HPLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12.5-30
Internal remarks:

Methyl protodioscin

Composition #3: Zhang, HJ., Sydara, K., Tan, GT., Ma, CY., Southavong, B., Soejarto, DD., Pezzuto, JM., Fong, HHS. Bioactive constituents from Asparagus cochinchinensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 2004, vol. 67, no. 2, p. 194–200. DOI: 10.1021/np030370b. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

asparacoside, asparacosin A, asparcosin B
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, 1D and 2D NMR, HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins (asparacoside, asparacosin A, asparcosin B)

Composition #4: Zhang, HJ., Sydara, K., Tan, GT., Ma, CY., Southavong, B., Soejarto, DD., Pezzuto, JM., Fong, HHS. Bioactive constituents from Asparagus cochinchinensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 2004, vol. 67, no. 2, p. 194–200. DOI: 10.1021/np030370b. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

asparenydiol, nyasol, 3''-methoxynyasol
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lignans (asparenydiol, nyasol, 3''-methoxynyasol) (root)

Composition #5: Shen, Yang., Xu, Cong-Li., Xuan, Wei-Dong., Li, Hui-Liang., Liu, Run-Hui., Xu, Xi-Ke., Chen, Hai-Sheng. A New Furostanol Saponin from Asparagus cochinchinensis. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH, 2011, vol. 34, no. 10, p. 1587–1591. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-1001-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

steroidal furostan saponins steroidal furostan saponins (RF-00004397-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aspacochioside C & D,pseudoprotoneodioscin
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, C and H NMR, GC, ESI-MS, DEPT, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

furostanol saponins

Composition #6: Jian, Rui., Zeng, Ke-Wu., Li, Jun., Li, Ning., Jiang, Yong., Tu, Pengfei. Anti-neuroinflammatory constituents from Asparagus cochinchinensis. fitoterapia, 2013, vol. 84, p. 80–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.10.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol, petroleum ether, butanol
Substance:

pregnane derivatives (RF-00004313-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aspacochinosides N, O, and P
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

pregnane derivatives (aspacochinosides N, O, and P) (root)

Composition #7: Zhu Guo-Lei., Hao Qian., Li Rong-Tao., Li Hai-Zhou. Steroidal saponins from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES, 2014, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 213–217. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1009.2014.00213. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, n-butanol
Substance:

steroidal furostan saponins steroidal furostan saponins (RF-00004397-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

steroidal furostan saponins (root)

Composition #8: Zhu Guo-Lei., Hao Qian., Li Rong-Tao., Li Hai-Zhou. Steroidal saponins from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES, 2014, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 213–217. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1009.2014.00213. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, n-butanol
Substance:

Steroidal spirostane saponins Steroidal spirostane saponins (RF-00004321-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

steroidal spirostane saponins

Composition #9: Li, Xing-Nuo., Chu, Chu., Cheng, Dong-Ping., Tong, Sheng-Qiang., Yan, Ji-Zhong. Two Alkaloids from Asparagus cochinchinensis. CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS, 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, p. 326–328. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0943-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

carboline alkaloids (RF-00004384-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, UV, NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

carboline alkaloid (root)

Composition #10: Li, Xing-Nuo., Chu, Chu., Cheng, Dong-Ping., Tong, Sheng-Qiang., Yan, Ji-Zhong. Two Alkaloids from Asparagus cochinchinensis. CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS, 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, p. 326–328. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0943-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

N-methyl-2,2-ditryptamine
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, UV, NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

indole alkaloid (N-methyl-2,2-ditryptamine) (root)

Composition #11: Jaiswal, Yogini., Liang, Zhitao., Ho, Alan., Chen, Hubiao., Zhao, Zhongzhen. A Comparative Tissue-specific Metabolite Analysis and Determination of Protodioscin Content in Asparagus Species used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda by use of Laser Microdissection, UHPLC-QTOF/MS and LC-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 2014, vol. 25, no. 6, p. 514–528. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2522. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

protodioscin (RF-00004009-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS/MS (F027A)
Analytical method - additional description:

LC-MS/MS, UHPLC-QTOF/MS, LMD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.5
Internal remarks:

protodioscin

Composition #12: Lee, Hyun Jae., Park, Jin Sung., Yoon, Yong Pill., Shin, Ye Jin., Lee, Sang Kook., Kim, Yeong Shik., Hong, Jang-Hee., Son, Kun Ho., Lee, Choong Jae. Dioscin and methylprotodioscin isolated from the root of Asparagus cochinchinensis suppressed the gene expression and production of airway MUC5AC mucin induced by phorbol ester and growth factor. PHYTOMEDICINE, 2015, vol. 22, no. 5, p. 568–572. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.03.009. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

dioscin (RF-00003782-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

dioscin

Composition #13: Lee, Hyun Jae., Park, Jin Sung., Yoon, Yong Pill., Shin, Ye Jin., Lee, Sang Kook., Kim, Yeong Shik., Hong, Jang-Hee., Son, Kun Ho., Lee, Choong Jae. Dioscin and methylprotodioscin isolated from the root of Asparagus cochinchinensis suppressed the gene expression and production of airway MUC5AC mucin induced by phorbol ester and growth factor. PHYTOMEDICINE, 2015, vol. 22, no. 5, p. 568–572. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.03.009. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

methylprotodioscin (RF-00003934-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

methylprotodioscin