EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Tarragon (as plant) // Artemisia dracunculus L.

Family:: Asteraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1362
Number of processed references:: 14

Compositions

#1: estragol (quantitative) #2: estragole #3: estragol (quantitative) #4: eugenol (quantitative) #5: 7-methoxycoumarin (herniarin) (quantitative) #6: estragole #7: methyleugenol (quantitative)(extract) #8: methyleugenol (quantitative)(fresh plant) #9: estragol (quantitative)(fresh plant) #10: estragole #11: (E)-isoelemicin (RF-00004285-PAR) #12: estragole (RF-00003806-PAR) #13: elemicin (RF-00003787-PAR) #14: myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR) #15: 7-methoxycoumarin (herniarin) (quantitative) #16: methyleugenol (quantitative) #17: estragol (quantitative) #18: elemicin (quantitative) #19: isoelemicin (quantitative) #20: methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR) #21: estragole (RF-00003806-PAR) #22: naphthalene derivative (beta-acetylnaphtalene) quantified #23: naphthalene derivative (alfa-acetylnaphtalene) quantified #24: methyleugenol (quantified) #25: elemicin (quantified) #26: asarone (quantified) #27: estragole

Endpoint Studies

#1: positive carcinogenicity study, diet #2: positive carcinogenicity study, gavage #3: 90-day study, NOAEL >1000 mg/kg bw #4: Liver - pathological changes

Genotoxicity

#1: genotoxicity - tarragon oil with 60% estragol #2: positive in vitro UDS assay #3: positive Comet assay #4: ess oil positive in B.subtilis rec assay

Composition #1: Tateo, Fernando., Santamaria, Leonida., Bianchi, Livia., Bianchi, Amalia. Basil oil and tarragon oil: composition and genotoxicity evaluation.. journal of essential oil research, 1989, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 111–18. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

60
Internal remarks:

estragol (quantitative)

Composition #2: Bianchi-Santamaria, Amalia., Tateo, Fernando., Santamaria, Leonida. Antimutagenic action of beta-carotene, canthaxathin and extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Melissa officinalis. Genotoxicity of basil and tarragon oil.. Special Publication - Royal Society of Chemistry, 1993, vol. 123, no. Food and Cancer Prevention: Chemical and Biological Aspects, p. 75–81. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

60
Internal remarks:

estragole

Composition #3: Zeller, A., Rychlik, M. Impact of estragole and other odorants on the flavour of anise and tarragon. flavour and fragrance journal, 2007, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 105–113. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1765. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2900
Internal remarks:

estragol (quantitative)

Composition #4: Zeller, A., Rychlik, M. Impact of estragole and other odorants on the flavour of anise and tarragon. flavour and fragrance journal, 2007, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 105–113. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1765. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

26
Internal remarks:

eugenol (quantitative)

Composition #5: Zeller, A., Rychlik, M. Impact of estragole and other odorants on the flavour of anise and tarragon. flavour and fragrance journal, 2007, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 105–113. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1765. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous
Substance:

herniarin (RF-00010991-PAR)
Additional substance description:

7-methoxycoumarin
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

26
Internal remarks:

7-methoxycoumarin (herniarin) (quantitative)

Composition #6: De Vincenzi, M., Silano, M., Maialetti, F., Scazzocchio, B. Constituents of aromatic plants: II. Estragole. FITOTERAPIA, 2000, vol. 71, no. 6, p. 725–729. DOI: 10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00153-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

60-75
Internal remarks:

estragole

Composition #7: Ribnicky, DM., Poulev, A., O'Neal, J., Wnorowski, G., Malek, DE., Jager, R., Raskin, I. Toxicological evaluation of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. for use as a dietary supplement and in functional foods . food and chemical toxicology, 2004, vol. 42, no. 4, p. 585–598. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

340
Internal remarks:

methyleugenol (quantitative)(extract)

Composition #8: Ribnicky, DM., Poulev, A., O'Neal, J., Wnorowski, G., Malek, DE., Jager, R., Raskin, I. Toxicological evaluation of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. for use as a dietary supplement and in functional foods . food and chemical toxicology, 2004, vol. 42, no. 4, p. 585–598. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

280-337
Internal remarks:

methyleugenol (quantitative)(fresh plant)

Composition #9: Ribnicky, DM., Poulev, A., O'Neal, J., Wnorowski, G., Malek, DE., Jager, R., Raskin, I. Toxicological evaluation of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. for use as a dietary supplement and in functional foods . food and chemical toxicology, 2004, vol. 42, no. 4, p. 585–598. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.002. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

21-40
Internal remarks:

estragol (quantitative)(fresh plant)

Composition #10: Dohi, Satomi., Terasaki, Masanori., Makino, Masakazu. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity and Chemical Composition of Commercial Essential Oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2009, vol. 57, no. 10, p. 4313–4318. DOI: 10.1021/jf804013j. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

commercially available essential oils
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

77-89
Internal remarks:

estragole

Composition #11: Verma, Mahendra K., Anand, Rajneesh., Chisti, Abdul M., Kitchlu, Surinder., Chandra, Suresh., Shawl, Abdul S., Khajuria, Ravi Kant. Essential Oil Composition of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) Growing in Kashmir - India. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS, 2010, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 331–335. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

(E)-isoelemicin (RF-00004285-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.1
Internal remarks:

(E)-isoelemicin (RF-00004285-PAR)

Composition #12: Verma, Mahendra K., Anand, Rajneesh., Chisti, Abdul M., Kitchlu, Surinder., Chandra, Suresh., Shawl, Abdul S., Khajuria, Ravi Kant. Essential Oil Composition of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) Growing in Kashmir - India. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS, 2010, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 331–335. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

71.3
Internal remarks:

estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)

Composition #13: Verma, Mahendra K., Anand, Rajneesh., Chisti, Abdul M., Kitchlu, Surinder., Chandra, Suresh., Shawl, Abdul S., Khajuria, Ravi Kant. Essential Oil Composition of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) Growing in Kashmir - India. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS, 2010, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 331–335. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

elemicin (RF-00003787-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.3
Internal remarks:

elemicin (RF-00003787-PAR)

Composition #14: Verma, Mahendra K., Anand, Rajneesh., Chisti, Abdul M., Kitchlu, Surinder., Chandra, Suresh., Shawl, Abdul S., Khajuria, Ravi Kant. Essential Oil Composition of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) Growing in Kashmir - India. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS, 2010, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 331–335. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.2
Internal remarks:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)

Composition #15: Obolsliy, Dmitry., Pischel, Ivo., Feistel, Bjoern., Glotov, Nikolay., Heinrich, Michael. Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon): A Critical Review of Its Traditional Use, Chemical Composition, Pharmacology, and Safety . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011, vol. 59, no. 21, p. 11367–11384. DOI: 10.1021/jf202277w. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

herniarin (RF-00010991-PAR)
Additional substance description:

7-methoxycoumarin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12
Internal remarks:

7-methoxycoumarin (herniarin) (quantitative)

Composition #16: Obolsliy, Dmitry., Pischel, Ivo., Feistel, Bjoern., Glotov, Nikolay., Heinrich, Michael. Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon): A Critical Review of Its Traditional Use, Chemical Composition, Pharmacology, and Safety . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011, vol. 59, no. 21, p. 11367–11384. DOI: 10.1021/jf202277w. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1-39
Internal remarks:

methyleugenol (quantitative)

Composition #17: Obolsliy, Dmitry., Pischel, Ivo., Feistel, Bjoern., Glotov, Nikolay., Heinrich, Michael. Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon): A Critical Review of Its Traditional Use, Chemical Composition, Pharmacology, and Safety . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011, vol. 59, no. 21, p. 11367–11384. DOI: 10.1021/jf202277w. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1-82
Internal remarks:

estragol (quantitative)

Composition #18: Obolsliy, Dmitry., Pischel, Ivo., Feistel, Bjoern., Glotov, Nikolay., Heinrich, Michael. Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon): A Critical Review of Its Traditional Use, Chemical Composition, Pharmacology, and Safety . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011, vol. 59, no. 21, p. 11367–11384. DOI: 10.1021/jf202277w. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

elemicin (RF-00003787-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10-57
Internal remarks:

elemicin (quantitative)

Composition #19: Obolsliy, Dmitry., Pischel, Ivo., Feistel, Bjoern., Glotov, Nikolay., Heinrich, Michael. Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon): A Critical Review of Its Traditional Use, Chemical Composition, Pharmacology, and Safety . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011, vol. 59, no. 21, p. 11367–11384. DOI: 10.1021/jf202277w. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(E)-isoelemicin (RF-00004285-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2-8
Internal remarks:

isoelemicin (quantitative)

Composition #20: Weinoehrl, Stefanie., Feistel, Bjoern., Pischel, Ivo., Kopp, Brigitte., Butterweck, Veronika. Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Artemisia dracunculus L. Cultivars for Blood Sugar Lowering Effects in Rats. PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, 2012, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 625–629. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3605. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Milligram/litre (G062A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=1.69
Internal remarks:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)

Composition #21: Weinoehrl, Stefanie., Feistel, Bjoern., Pischel, Ivo., Kopp, Brigitte., Butterweck, Veronika. Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Artemisia dracunculus L. Cultivars for Blood Sugar Lowering Effects in Rats. PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, 2012, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 625–629. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3605. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Milligram/litre (G062A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=1.75
Internal remarks:

estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)

Composition #22: Jeppesen, Anne Saerkjaer., Soelberg, Jens., Jager, Anna Katharina. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from Nine Medicinal Plants of the Wakhan Corridor, Afghanistan. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS, 2012, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 204–212. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2012.10644037. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Methyl 2-naphthyl ketone (RF-00002308-PAR)
Additional substance description:

beta-acetylnaphtalene
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.1
Internal remarks:

naphthalene derivative (beta-acetylnaphtalene) quantified

Composition #23: Jeppesen, Anne Saerkjaer., Soelberg, Jens., Jager, Anna Katharina. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from Nine Medicinal Plants of the Wakhan Corridor, Afghanistan. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS, 2012, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 204–212. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2012.10644037. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

alpha-Methyl naphthyl ketone (RF-00002080-PAR)
Additional substance description:

alpha-acetylnaphtalene
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.1
Internal remarks:

naphthalene derivative (alfa-acetylnaphtalene) quantified

Composition #24: Nurzynska-Wierdak, Renata., Zawislak, Grazyna. HERB YIELD AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF TARRAGON (Artemisia dracunculus L.) AS INFLUENCED BY PLANT DENSITY. ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM-HORTORUM CULTUS, 2014, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 207–221. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

34-37
Internal remarks:

methyleugenol (quantified)

Composition #25: Nurzynska-Wierdak, Renata., Zawislak, Grazyna. HERB YIELD AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF TARRAGON (Artemisia dracunculus L.) AS INFLUENCED BY PLANT DENSITY. ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM-HORTORUM CULTUS, 2014, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 207–221. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

elemicin (RF-00003787-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

22-26
Internal remarks:

elemicin (quantified)

Composition #26: Nurzynska-Wierdak, Renata., Zawislak, Grazyna. HERB YIELD AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF TARRAGON (Artemisia dracunculus L.) AS INFLUENCED BY PLANT DENSITY. ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM-HORTORUM CULTUS, 2014, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 207–221. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

asarone (RF-00003698-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3-9
Internal remarks:

asarone (quantified)

Composition #27: ZANI, F., MASSIMO, G., BENVENUTI, S., BIANCHI, A., ALBASINI, A., MELEGARI, M., VAMPA, G., BELLOTTI, A., MAZZA, P. STUDIES ON THE GENOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS WITH BACILLUS-SUBTILIS REC-ASSAY AND SALMONELLA MICROSOME REVERSION ASSAY. PLANTA MEDICA, 1991, vol. 57, no. 3, p. 237–241. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-960081. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

77.5
Internal remarks:

estragole

Endpoint study #1: De Vincenzi, M., Silano, M., Maialetti, F., Scazzocchio, B. Constituents of aromatic plants: II. Estragole. FITOTERAPIA, 2000, vol. 71, no. 6, p. 725–729. DOI: 10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00153-2. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Type of toxicological test:

chronic/long term toxicity (CHD004TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

CD-1 (CHD003ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

12.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Month (G206A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

345
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

tumours - mostly hepatomas
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

Carcinogenic (CHD036BE)
Internal remarks:

positive carcinogenicity study, diet

Endpoint study #2: De Vincenzi, M., Silano, M., Maialetti, F., Scazzocchio, B. Constituents of aromatic plants: II. Estragole. FITOTERAPIA, 2000, vol. 71, no. 6, p. 725–729. DOI: 10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00153-2. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

CD-1 (CHD003ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

5.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

370
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

dosed twice weekly during 5 weeks, after 14 months 87% tumours, mainly hepatomas
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

Carcinogenic (CHD036BE)
Internal remarks:

positive carcinogenicity study, gavage

Endpoint study #3: Ribnicky, DM., Poulev, A., O'Neal, J., Wnorowski, G., Malek, DE., Jager, R., Raskin, I. Toxicological evaluation of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. for use as a dietary supplement and in functional foods . food and chemical toxicology, 2004, vol. 42, no. 4, p. 585–598. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.002. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

EtOH extract (estragol ND, methyleugenol 340 microg/g)
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Guideline used:

According to
Guideline:

OECD GUIDELINE 408 (REPEATED DOSE 90-DAY ORAL TOXICITY IN RODENTS) (OECD1256PL)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Exposure duration:

90.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

80
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

No observed adverse effect level (CHD010EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

>1000
Critical effect:

NONE (TOX14A)
Effect description:

no adverse effects observed at highest dose
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

no adverse effect observed at single/highest dose (CHD033BE)
Internal remarks:

90-day study, NOAEL >1000 mg/kg bw

Endpoint study #4: Kalantari, Heibatullah., Galehdari, Hamid., Zaree, Zahra., Gesztelyi, Rudolf., Varga, Balazs., Haines, David., Bombicz, Mariann., Tosaki, Arpad., Juhasz, Bela. Toxicological and mutagenic analysis of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) extract. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2013, vol. 51, p. 26–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.052. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

unspecified
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

7.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

94
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

disruption of tissue microstructure, increases in inflammatory changes, congestion, centrilobular necrosis, steatosis, and swelling of hepatic cytoplasm
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Liver - pathological changes

Genotox #1: Bianchi-Santamaria, Amalia., Tateo, Fernando., Santamaria, Leonida. Antimutagenic action of beta-carotene, canthaxathin and extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Melissa officinalis. Genotoxicity of basil and tarragon oil.. Special Publication - Royal Society of Chemistry, 1993, vol. 123, no. Food and Cancer Prevention: Chemical and Biological Aspects, p. 75–81. . [DOI link]

Study category:

Mutagenicity
Type of toxicological test:

mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CHD037TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as organism) (A0CPH)
Strain of test organism:

D7 (CHD063ST)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

gene mutation
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

positive result with tarragon oil with 60% estragol content
Internal remarks:

genotoxicity - tarragon oil with 60% estragol
Internal ID:

CAPLUS_AN_1993:602163

Genotox #2: Nesslany, F., Parent-Massin, D., Marzin, D. Risk assessment of consumption of methylchavicol and tarragon: The genotoxic potential in vivo and in vitro. Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2010, vol. 696, no. 1, p. 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.11.003. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

unscheduled DNA synthesis (CHD059TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Guideline:

OECD Guideline 482 (Genetic Toxicology: DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells In Vitro) (OECD1298PL)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

positive result in an in vitro UDS assay with frozen tarragon leaves containing 0.21% estragol corresponding to 55 microM estragol equivalents in final concentration
Internal remarks:

positive in vitro UDS assay
Internal ID:

eid=2-s2.0-75049083682

Genotox #3: Kalantari, Heibatullah., Galehdari, Hamid., Zaree, Zahra., Gesztelyi, Rudolf., Varga, Balazs., Haines, David., Bombicz, Mariann., Tosaki, Arpad., Juhasz, Bela. Toxicological and mutagenic analysis of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) extract. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2013, vol. 51, p. 26–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.052. [DOI link]

Study category:

Mutagenicity
Type of toxicological test:

single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage (CHD040TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

not applicable
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

Comet assay positive from tarragon extract
Internal remarks:

positive Comet assay
Internal ID:

WOS:000315078300003

Genotox #4: ZANI, F., MASSIMO, G., BENVENUTI, S., BIANCHI, A., ALBASINI, A., MELEGARI, M., VAMPA, G., BELLOTTI, A., MAZZA, P. STUDIES ON THE GENOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS WITH BACILLUS-SUBTILIS REC-ASSAY AND SALMONELLA MICROSOME REVERSION ASSAY. PLANTA MEDICA, 1991, vol. 57, no. 3, p. 237–241. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-960081. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

Bacillus subtilis recombination assay (CHD034TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Bacillus subtilis (as organism) (A0CJY)
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

positive in bacillus subtilis rec assay
Internal remarks:

ess oil positive in B.subtilis rec assay
Internal ID:

WOS:A1991FR72300008